#!/bin/bash -
# Author: Colin Johnson / colin@cloudavail.com
# Date: 2013-02-17
# Version 0.9 Beta
# License Type: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 3
#
#confirms that executables required for succesful script execution are available
prerequisite_check()
{
    check_values=$1

    if [[ -z $check_values ]]
    then
        check_values='ec2-create-snapshot ec2-create-tags ec2-describe-snapshots ec2-delete-snapshot date'
    fi

	for prerequisite in basename $check_values
	do
		#use of "hash" chosen as it is a shell builtin and will add programs to hash table, possibly speeding execution. Use of type also considered - open to suggestions.
		hash $prerequisite &> /dev/null
		if [[ $? == 1 ]] #has exits with exit status of 70, executable was not found
			then echo "In order to use `basename $0`, the executable \"$prerequisite\" must be installed." 1>&2 ; exit 70
		fi
	done
}

#get_EBS_List gets a list of available EBS instances depending upon the selection_method of EBS selection that is provided by user input
get_EBS_List()
{
	case $selection_method in
		volumeid)
			if [[ -z $volumeid ]]
				then echo "The selection method \"volumeid\" (which is $app_name's default selection_method of operation or requested by using the -s volumeid parameter) requires a volumeid (-v volumeid) for operation. Correct usage is as follows: \"-v vol-6d6a0527\",\"-s volumeid -v vol-6d6a0527\" or \"-v \"vol-6d6a0527 vol-636a0112\"\" if multiple volumes are to be selected." 1>&2 ; exit 64
			fi
			ebs_selection_string="$volumeid"
			;;
		tag)
			if [[ -z $tag ]]
				then echo "The selected selection_method \"tag\" (-s tag) requires a valid tag (-t key=value) for operation. Correct usage is as follows: \"-s tag -t backup=true\" or \"-s tag -t Name=my_tag.\"" 1>&2 ; exit 64
			fi
			ebs_selection_string="--filter tag:$tag"
			;;
		regioncopy)
			if [[ -z $region_copy_destinations ]]
				then echo "The selected selection_method \"regioncopy\" (-s regioncopy) requires valid region names (-d '[region name(s)]') or 'all' for operation. Correct usage is as follows: \"-s regioncopy -d 'us-west-1'\" or \"-s regioncopy -d 'us-west-1 us-west-2'.\"" 1>&2 ; exit 64
			fi
			;;
		*) echo "If you specify a selection_method (-s selection_method) for selecting EBS volumes you must select either \"volumeid\" (-s volumeid) or \"tag\" (-s tag)." 1>&2 ; exit 64 ;;
	esac

	if [[ -n $ebs_selection_string ]]
		then
		#creates a list of all ebs volumes that match the selection string from above
		ebs_backup_list_complete=`ec2-describe-volumes --show-empty-fields --region $region $ebs_selection_string 2>&1`
		#takes the output of the previous command
		ebs_backup_list_result=`echo $?`
		if [[ $ebs_backup_list_result -gt 0 ]]
			then echo -e "An error occured when running ec2-describe-volumes. The error returned is below:\n$ebs_backup_list_complete" 1>&2 ; exit 70
		fi
		ebs_backup_list=`echo "$ebs_backup_list_complete" | grep ^VOLUME | cut -f 2`
		#code to right will output list of EBS volumes to be backed up: echo -e "Now outputting ebs_backup_list:\n$ebs_backup_list"
	fi
}

create_EBS_Snapshot_Tags()
{
	echo "create_EBS_Snapshot_Tags region_copy_scheduled_destinations=$region_copy_scheduled_destinations"

	#snapshot tags holds all tags that need to be applied to a given snapshot - by aggregating tags we ensure that ec2-create-tags is called only onece
	snapshot_tags=""
	#if $name_tag_create is true then append ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$current_date to the variable $snapshot_tags
	if $name_tag_create
		then
		ec2_snapshot_resource_id=`echo "$ec2_create_snapshot_result" | cut -f 2`
		snapshot_tags="$snapshot_tags --tag Name=ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$current_date"
	fi
	#if $purge_after_date_fe is true, then append $purge_after_date_fe to the variable $snapshot_tags
	if [[ -n $purge_after_date_fe ]]
		then
		snapshot_tags="$snapshot_tags --tag PurgeAfterFE=$purge_after_date_fe --tag PurgeAllow=true"
	fi

	#if $user_tags is true, then append Volume=$ebs_selected and Created=$current_date to the variable $snapshot_tags
	if $user_tags
		then
		snapshot_tags="$snapshot_tags --tag Volume=${ebs_selected} --tag Created=$current_date"
	fi

	#if $name_tag_create is true then append RegionCopy=[region]:scheduled,[region]:scheduled to the variable $snapshot_tags
	if [[ -n $region_copy_scheduled_destinations ]]
		then
		ec2_snapshot_resource_id=`echo "$ec2_create_snapshot_result" | cut -f 2`
		regions=$(echo $region_copy_scheduled_destinations | sed 's/  */:scheduled,/g')
		snapshot_tags="$snapshot_tags --tag RegionCopy=${regions}:scheduled"
		echo "tagging $ec2_snapshot_resource_id with $snapshot_tags"
	fi

	#if $snapshot_tags is not zero length then set the tag on the snapshot using ec2-create-tags
	if [[ -n $snapshot_tags ]]
		then echo "Tagging Snapshot $ec2_snapshot_resource_id with the following Tags:"
		ec2-create-tags $ec2_snapshot_resource_id --region $region $snapshot_tags
	fi
}

get_date_binary()
{
	#`uname -o (operating system) would be ideal, but OS X / Darwin does not support to -o option`
	#`uname` on OS X defaults to `uname -s` and `uname` on GNU/Linux defaults to `uname -s`
	uname_result=`uname`
	case $uname_result in
		Darwin) date_binary="osx-posix" ;;
		Linux) date_binary="linux-gnu" ;;
		*) date_binary="unknown" ;;
	esac
}

get_purge_after_date_fe()
{
case $purge_after_input in
	#any number of numbers followed by a letter "d" or "days" multiplied by 86400 (number of seconds in a day)
	[0-9]*d) purge_after_value_seconds=$(( ${purge_after_input%?} * 86400 )) ;;
	#any number of numbers followed by a letter "h" or "hours" multiplied by 3600 (number of seconds in an hour)
	[0-9]*h) purge_after_value_seconds=$(( ${purge_after_input%?} * 3600 )) ;;
	#any number of numbers followed by a letter "m" or "minutes" multiplied by 60 (number of seconds in a minute)
	[0-9]*m) purge_after_value_seconds=$(( ${purge_after_input%?} * 60 ));;
	#no trailing digits default is days - multiply by 86400 (number of minutes in a day)
	*) purge_after_value_seconds=$(( $purge_after_input * 86400 ));;
esac
#based on the date_binary variable, the case statement below will determine the method to use to determine "purge_after_days" in the future
case $date_binary in
	linux-gnu) echo `date -d +${purge_after_value_seconds}sec -u +%s` ;;
	osx-posix) echo `date -v +${purge_after_value_seconds}S -u +%s` ;;
	*) echo `date -d +${purge_after_value_seconds}sec -u +%s` ;;
esac
}

purge_EBS_Snapshots()
{
	#snapshot_tag_list is a string that contains all snapshots with either the key PurgeAllow or PurgeAfterFE set
	snapshot_tag_list=`ec2-describe-tags --show-empty-fields --region $region --filter resource-type=snapshot --filter key=PurgeAllow,PurgeAfterFE`
	#snapshot_purge_allowed is a list of all snapshot_ids with PurgeAllow=true
	snapshot_purge_allowed=`echo "$snapshot_tag_list" | grep .*PurgeAllow'\s'true | cut -f 3`

	for snapshot_id_evaluated in $snapshot_purge_allowed
	do
		#gets the "PurgeAfterFE" date which is in UTC with UNIX Time format (or xxxxxxxxxx / %s)
		purge_after_date_fe_tag=`echo "$snapshot_tag_list" | grep .*$snapshot_id_evaluated'\s'PurgeAfterFE.* | cut -f 5`
		#if purge_after_date is not set then we have a problem. Need to alert user.
		if [[ -z $purge_after_date_fe_tag ]]
			#Alerts user to the fact that a Snapshot was found with PurgeAllow=true but with no PurgeAfterFE date.
			then echo "A Snapshot with the Snapshot ID $snapshot_id_evaluated has the tag \"PurgeAllow=true\" but does not have a \"PurgeAfterFE=xxxxxxxxxx\" date where PurgeAfterFE is UNIX time. $app_name is unable to determine if $snapshot_id_evaluated should be purged." 1>&2
		else
			#perform comparison - if $purge_after_date_epoch is a lower number than $current_date_epoch than the PurgeAfterFE date is earlier than the current date - and the snapshot can be safely removed
			if [[ $purge_after_date_fe_tag < $current_date ]]
				then
				echo "The snapshot \"$snapshot_id_evaluated\" with the PurgeAfterFE date of $purge_after_date_fe_tag will be deleted."
				ec2-delete-snapshot --region $region $snapshot_id_evaluated
			fi
		fi
	done
}

region_copy_EBS_Snapshots()
{
	#snapshots_to_region_copy is a list of all snapshot_ids with RegionCopy=.*:scheduled.*
	#   tr and $'n' substitution used so $IFS doesn't have to be
	#   manipulated with for loops and the cut command
	snapshot_tag_list=$(ec2-describe-tags --show-empty-fields --region $region --filter resource-type=snapshot --filter key=RegionCopy | grep ':scheduled' | cut -f3,5- | tr '[\t ]' '~')

	for snapshot_data in $(echo ${snapshot_tag_list//$'\n'/ } | cut -f1-)
	do
		snapshot_id=$(echo $snapshot_data | cut -d'~' -f1)
		regions=$(echo $snapshot_data | cut -d'~' -f2-)
		original_regions=$regions
		region_copy_tag=''
		for region_data in ${regions//,/ }
		do
			destination_region=$(echo $region_data | cut -d: -f1)
            status=$(echo $region_data | cut -d: -f2-)
            region_copy_tag_append="$destination_region:$status"
			if [[ "$region_copy_destinations" = "all" || -n $(echo "$region_copy_destinations"| grep $destination_region) ]]
			then
                current_datetime=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S)
                if [ "$status" = "scheduled" ]
                    then
                    ec2_copy_snapshot_complete=$(ec2-copy-snapshot -r $region -s $snapshot_id --region $destination_region)
                    ec2_copy_snapshot_result=`echo $?`
                    if [[ $ec2_copy_snapshot_result -gt 0 ]]
                        then
                        echo -e "An error occured when running ec2-copy-snapshot. The error returned is below:\n$ec2_copy_snapshot_complete" 1>&2 ; exit 70
                    else
                        region_copy_tag_append="$destination_region:$current_datetime"
                        echo "The snapshot \"$snapshot_id\" is being copied to $destination_region."
                    fi
                fi
			fi
			region_copy_tag="${region_copy_tag},$region_copy_tag_append"
		done

		if [[ "${region_copy_tag#,}" != "$original_regions" ]]
		then
		    ec2-create-tags $snapshot_id --region $region --tag RegionCopy=${region_copy_tag#,}
		fi
	done
}

app_name=`basename $0`

#sets defaults
selection_method="volumeid"

#date_binary allows a user to set the "date" binary that is installed on their system and, therefore, the options that will be given to the date binary to perform date calculations
date_binary=""

#sets the "Name" tag set for a snapshot to false - using "Name" requires that ec2-create-tags be called in addition to ec2-create-snapshot
name_tag_create=false
#sets the user_tags feature to false - user_tag creates tags on snapshots - by default each snapshot is tagged with volume_id and current_data timestamp
user_tags=false
#sets the Purge Snapshot feature to false - this feature will eventually allow the removal of snapshots that have a "PurgeAfterFE" tag that is earlier than current date
purge_snapshots=false
#handles options processing
while getopts :s:c:r:v:t:k:g:d:l:pnu opt
	do
		case $opt in
			s) selection_method="$OPTARG";;
			c) cron_primer="$OPTARG";;
			r) region="$OPTARG";;
			v) volumeid="$OPTARG";;
			t) tag="$OPTARG";;
			k) purge_after_input="$OPTARG";;
			g) region_copy_scheduled_destinations="$OPTARG";;
			d) region_copy_destinations="$OPTARG";;
			n) name_tag_create=true;;
			p) purge_snapshots=true;;
			u) user_tags=true;;
			*) echo "Error with Options Input. Cause of failure is most likely that an unsupported parameter was passed or a parameter was passed without a corresponding option." 1>&2 ; exit 64;;
		esac
	done

#sources "cron_primer" file for running under cron or other restricted environments - this file should contain the variables and environment configuration required for ec2-automate-backup to run correctly
if [[ -n $cron_primer ]]
	then if [[ -f $cron_primer ]]
		then source $cron_primer
	else
		echo "Cron Primer File \"$cron_primer\" Could Not Be Found." 1>&2 ; exit 70
	fi
fi

#if region is not set then:
if [[ -z $region ]]
	#if the environment variable $EC2_REGION is not set set to us-east-1
	then if [[ -z $EC2_REGION ]]
		#if both
		then region="us-east-1"
	else
		region=$EC2_REGION
	fi
fi

#calls prerequisitecheck function to ensure that all executables required for script execution are available
prerequisite_check

#sets date variable
current_date=`date -u +%s`

#sets the PurgeAfterFE tag to the number of seconds that a snapshot should be retained
if [[ -n $purge_after_input ]]
	then
	#if the date_binary is not set, call the get_date_binary function
	if [[ -z $date_binary ]]
		then get_date_binary
	fi
	purge_after_date_fe=`get_purge_after_date_fe`
	echo "Snapshots taken by $app_name will be eligible for purging after the following date (the purge after date given in seconds from epoch): $purge_after_date_fe."
fi

#get_EBS_List gets a list of EBS instances for which a snapshot is desired. The list of EBS instances depends upon the selection_method that is provided by user input
get_EBS_List

#the loop below is called once for each volume in $ebs_backup_list - the currently selected EBS volume is passed in as "ebs_selected"
for ebs_selected in $ebs_backup_list
do
	ec2_snapshot_description="ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$current_date"
	ec2_create_snapshot_result=`ec2-create-snapshot --region $region -d $ec2_snapshot_description $ebs_selected 2>&1`
	if [[ $? != 0 ]]
		then echo -e "An error occured when running ec2-create-snapshot. The error returned is below:\n$ec2_create_snapshot_result" 1>&2 ; exit 70
	else
		ec2_snapshot_resource_id=`echo "$ec2_create_snapshot_result" | cut -f 2`
	fi
	create_EBS_Snapshot_Tags
done

#if purge_snapshots is true, then run purge_EBS_Snapshots function
if $purge_snapshots
	then echo "Snapshot Purging is Starting Now."
	purge_EBS_Snapshots
fi

#if region_copy_destinations is true, then run region_copy_EBS_Snapshots function
if [[ -n $region_copy_destinations ]]
	then echo "Snapshot Copying to regions $region_copy_destinations is Starting Now."
	prerequisite_check ec2-copy-snapshot
	region_copy_EBS_Snapshots
fi