Making initial changes to add authorize after update

porting #668 to master branch

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+*.swp
+**/*.swp
 *.gem
+Gemfile.lock
+.bundle

.rbenv-version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1.8.7-p357

.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+--color

.rvmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+rvm use 1.8.7@cancan --create

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+rvm:
+  - 1.8.7
+  - ree
+notifications:
+  recipients:
+    - graf.otodrakula@gmail.com
+    - ryan@railscasts.com

CHANGELOG.rdoc

@@ -1,3 +1,404 @@
-*0.1.0* (Nov 16th, 2009)
+1.6.10 (May 7, 2013)
+
+* fix matches_conditons_hash for string values on 1.8 (thanks rrosen)
+
+* work around SQL injection vulnerability in older Rails versions (thanks steerio) - issue #800
+
+* add support for nested join conditions (thanks yuszuv) - issue #806
+
+* fix load_resource "find_by" in mongoid resources (thanks albertobajo) - issue #705
+
+* fix namespace split behavior (thanks xinuc) - issue #668
+
+1.6.9 (February 4, 2013)
+
+* fix inserting AND (NULL) to end of SQL queries (thanks jonsgreen) - issue #687
+
+* fix merge_joins for nested association hashes (thanks DavidMikeSimon) - issues #655, #560
+
+* raise error on recursive alias_action (thanks fl00r) - issue #660
+
+* fix namespace controllers not loading params (thanks andhapp) - issues #670, #664
+
+
+1.6.8 (June 25, 2012)
+
+* improved support for namespaced controllers and models
+
+* pass :if and :unless options for load and authorize resource (thanks mauriciozaffari)
+
+* Travis CI badge (thanks plentz)
+
+* adding Ability#merge for combining multiple abilities (thanks rogercampos)
+
+* support for multiple MetaWhere rules (thanks andhapp)
+
+* various fixes for DataMapper, Mongoid, and Inherited Resource integration
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.6.7...1.6.8]
+
+
+1.6.7 (October 4, 2011)
+
+* fixing nested resource problem caused by namespace addition - issue #482
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.6.6...1.6.7]
+
+
+1.6.6 (September 28, 2011)
+
+* correct "return cant jump across threads" error when using check_authorization (thanks codeprimate) - issues #463, #469
+
+* fixing tests in development by specifying with_model version  (thanks kirkconnell) - issue #476
+
+* added travis.yml file for TravisCI support (thanks bai) - issue #427
+
+* better support for namespaced models (thanks whilefalse) - issues #424
+
+* adding :id_param option to load_and_authorize_resource (thanks skhisma) - issue #425
+
+* make default unauthorized message translatable text (thanks nhocki) - issue #409
+
+* improving DataMapper behavior (thanks psanford, maxsum-corin) - issue #410, #373
+
+* allow :find_by option to be full find method name - issue #335
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.6.5...1.6.6]
+
+
+1.6.5 (May 18, 2011)
+
+* pass action and subject through AccessDenied exception when :through isn't found - issue #366
+
+* many Mongoid adapter improvements (thanks rahearn, cardagin) - issues #363, #352, #343
+
+* allow :through option to work with private controller methods - issue #360
+
+* ensure Mongoid::Document is defined before loading Mongoid adapter - issue #359
+
+* many DataMapper adapter improvements (thanks emmanuel) - issue #355
+
+* handle checking nil attributes through associations (thanks thatothermitch) - issue #330
+
+* improve scope merging - issue #328
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.6.4...1.6.5]
+
+
+1.6.4 (March 29, 2011)
+
+* Fixed mongoid 'or' error - see issue #322
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.6.3...1.6.4]
+
+
+1.6.3 (March 25, 2011)
+
+* Make sure ActiveRecord::Relation is defined before checking conditions against it so Rails 2 is supported again - see issue #312
+
+* Return subject passed to authorize! - see issue #314
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.6.2...1.6.3]
+
+
+1.6.2 (March 18, 2011)
+
+* Fixed instance loading when :singleton option is used - see issue #310
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.6.1...1.6.2]
+
+
+1.6.1 (March 15, 2011)
+
+* Use Item.new instead of build_item for singleton resource so it doesn't effect database - see issue #304
+
+* Made accessible_by action default to :index and parent action default to :show instead of :read - see issue #302
+
+* Reverted Inherited Resources "collection" override since it doesn't seem to be working - see issue #305
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.6.0...1.6.1]
+
+
+1.6.0 (March 11, 2011)
+
+* Added MetaWhere support - see issue #194 and #261
+
+* Allow Active Record scopes in Ability conditions - see issue #257
+
+* Added :if and :unless options to check_authorization - see issue #284
+
+* Several Inherited Resources fixes (thanks aq1018, tanordheim and stefanoverna)
+
+* Pass action name to accessible_by call when loading a collection (thanks amw)
+
+* Added :prepend option to load_and_authorize_resource to load before other filters - see issue #290
+
+* Fixed spacing issue in I18n message for multi-word model names - see issue #292
+
+* Load resource collection for any action which doesn't have an "id" parameter - see issue #296
+
+* Raise an exception when trying to make a Ability condition with both a hash of conditions and a block - see issue #269
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.5.1...1.6.0]
+
+
+1.5.1 (January 20, 2011)
+
+* Fixing deeply nested conditions in Active Record adapter - see issue #246
+
+* Improving Mongoid support for multiple can and cannot definitions (thanks stellard) - see issue #239
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.5.0...1.5.1]
+
+
+1.5.0 (January 11, 2011)
+
+* Added an Ability generator - see issue #170
+
+* Added DataMapper support (thanks natemueller)
+
+* Added Mongoid support (thanks bowsersenior)
+
+* Added skip_load_and_authorize_resource methods to controller class - see issue #164
+
+* Added support for uncountable resources in index action - see issue #193
+
+* Cleaned up README and added spec/README
+
+* Internal: renamed CanDefinition to Rule
+
+* Internal: added a model adapter layer for easily supporting more ORMs
+
+* Internal: added .rvmrc to auto-switch to 1.8.7 with gemset - see issue #231
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.4.1...1.5.0]
+
+
+1.4.1 (November 12, 2010)
+
+* Renaming skip_authorization to skip_authorization_check - see issue #169
+
+* Adding :through_association option to load_resource (thanks hunterae) - see issue #171
+
+* The :shallow option now works with the :singleton option (thanks nandalopes) - see issue #187
+
+* Play nicely with quick_scopes gem (thanks ramontayag) - see issue #183
+
+* Fix odd behavior when "cache_classes = false" (thanks mphalliday) - see issue #174
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.4.0...1.4.1]
+
+
+1.4.0 (October 5, 2010)
+
+* Adding Gemfile; to get specs running just +bundle+ and +rake+ - see issue #163
+
+* Stop at 'cannot' definition when there are no conditions - see issue #161
+
+* The :through option will now call a method with that name if instance variable doesn't exist - see issue #146
+
+* Adding :shallow option to load_resource to bring back old behavior of fetching a child without a parent
+
+* Raise AccessDenied error when loading a child and parent resource isn't found
+
+* Abilities defined on a module will apply to anything that includes that module - see issue #150 and #152
+
+* Abilities can be defined with a string of SQL in addition to a block so accessible_by works with a block - see issue #150
+
+* Adding better support for InheritedResource - see issue #23
+
+* Loading the collection instance variable (for index action) using accessible_by - see issue #137
+
+* Adding action and subject variables to I18n unauthorized message - closes #142
+
+* Adding check_authorization and skip_authorization controller class methods to ensure authorization is performed (thanks justinko) - see issue #135
+
+* Setting initial attributes based on ability conditions in new/create actions - see issue #114
+
+* Check parent attributes for nested association in index action - see issue #121
+
+* Supporting nesting in can? method using hash - see issue #121
+
+* Adding I18n support for Access Denied messages (thanks EppO) - see issue #103
+
+* Passing no arguments to +can+ definition will pass action, class, and object to block - see issue #129
+
+* Don't pass action to block in +can+ definition when using :+manage+ option - see issue #129
+
+* No longer calling block in +can+ definition when checking on class - see issue #116
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.3.4...1.4.0]
+
+
+1.3.4 (August 31, 2010)
+
+* Don't stop at +cannot+ with hash conditions when checking class (thanks tamoya) - see issue #131
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.3.3...1.3.4]
+
+
+1.3.3 (August 20, 2010)
+
+* Switching to Rspec namespace to remove deprecation warning in Rspec 2 - see issue #119
+
+* Pluralize nested associations for conditions in accessible_by (thanks mlooney) - see issue #123
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.3.2...1.3.3]
+
+
+1.3.2 (August 7, 2010)
+
+* Fixing slice error when passing in custom resource name - see issue #112
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.3.1...1.3.2]
+
+
+1.3.1 (August 6, 2010)
+
+* Fixing protected sanitize_sql error - see issue #111
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.3.0...1.3.1]
+
+
+1.3.0 (August 6, 2010)
+
+* Adding :find_by option to load_resource - see issue #19
+
+* Adding :singleton option to load_resource - see issue #93
+
+* Supporting multiple resources in :through option for polymorphic associations - see issue #73
+
+* Supporting Single Table Inheritance for "can" comparisons - see issue #55
+
+* Adding :instance_name option to load/authorize_resource - see issue #44
+
+* Don't pass nil to "new" to keep MongoMapper happy - see issue #63
+
+* Parent resources are now authorized with :read action.
+
+* Changing :resource option in load/authorize_resource back to :class with ability to pass false
+
+* Removing :nested option in favor of :through option with separate load/authorize call
+
+* Moving internal logic from ResourceAuthorization to ControllerResource class
+
+* Supporting multiple "can" and "cannot" calls with accessible_by (thanks funny-falcon) - see issue #71
+
+* Supporting deeply nested aliases - see issue #98
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.2.0...1.3.0]
+
+
+1.2.0 (July 16, 2010)
+
+* Load nested parent resources on collection actions such as "index" (thanks dohzya)
+
+* Adding :name option to load_and_authorize_resource if it does not match controller - see issue #65
+
+* Fixing issue when using accessible_by with nil can conditions (thanks jrallison) - see issue #66
+
+* Pluralize table name for belongs_to associations in can conditions hash (thanks logandk) - see issue #62
+
+* Support has_many association or arrays in can conditions hash
+
+* Adding joins clause to accessible_by when conditions are across associations
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.1.1...1.2.0]
+
+
+1.1.1 (April 17, 2010)
+
+* Fixing behavior in Rails 3 by properly initializing ResourceAuthorization
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.1...1.1.1]
+
+
+1.1.0 (April 17, 2010)
+
+* Supporting arrays, ranges, and nested hashes in ability conditions
+
+* Removing "unauthorized!" method in favor of "authorize!" in controllers
+
+* Adding action, subject and default_message abilities to AccessDenied exception - see issue #40
+
+* Adding caching to current_ability controller method, if you're overriding this be sure to add caching too.
+
+* Adding "accessible_by" method to Active Record for fetching records matching a specific ability
+
+* Adding conditions behavior to Ability#can and fetch with Ability#conditions - see issue #53
+
+* Renaming :class option to :resource for load_and_authorize_resource which now supports a symbol for non models - see issue #45
+
+* Properly handle Admin::AbilitiesController in params[:controller] - see issue #46
+
+* Adding be_able_to RSpec matcher (thanks dchelimsky), requires Ruby 1.8.7 or higher - see issue #54
+
+* Support additional arguments to can? which get passed to the block - see issue #48
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.0.2...1.1]
+
+
+1.0.2 (Dec 30, 2009)
+
+* Adding clear_aliased_actions to Ability which removes previously defined actions including defaults - see issue #20
+
+* Append aliased actions (don't overwrite them) - see issue #20
+
+* Adding custom message argument to unauthorized! method (thanks tjwallace) - see issue #18
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.0.1...1.0.2]
+
+
+1.0.1 (Dec 14, 2009)
+
+* Adding :class option to load_resource so one can customize which class to use for the model - see issue #17
+
+* Don't fetch parent of nested resource if *_id parameter is missing so it works with shallow nested routes - see issue #14
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/1.0.0...1.0.1]
+
+
+1.0.0 (Dec 13, 2009)
+
+* Don't set resource instance variable if it has been set already - see issue #13
+
+* Allowing :nested option to accept an array for deep nesting
+
+* Adding :nested option to load resource method - see issue #10
+
+* Pass :only and :except options to before filters for load/authorize resource methods.
+
+* Adding :collection and :new options to load_resource method so we can specify behavior of additional actions if needed.
+
+* BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE: turning load and authorize resource methods into class methods which set up the before filter so they can accept additional arguments.
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/0.2.1...1.0.0]
+
+
+0.2.1 (Nov 26, 2009)
+
+* many internal refactorings - see issues #11 and #12
+
+* adding "cannot" method to define which abilities cannot be done - see issue #7
+
+* support custom objects (usually symbols) in can definition - see issue #8
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/0.2.0...0.2.1]
+
+
+0.2.0 (Nov 17, 2009)
+
+* fix behavior of load_and_authorize_resource for namespaced controllers - see issue #3
+
+* support arrays being passed to "can" to specify multiple actions or classes - see issue #2
+
+* adding "cannot?" method to ability, controller, and view which is inverse of "can?" - see issue #1
+
+* BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE: use Ability#initialize instead of 'prepare' to set up abilities - see issue #4
+
+* {see the full list of changes}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/compare/0.1.0...0.2.0]
+
+
+0.1.0 (Nov 16, 2009)
 
 * initial release

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+### Please read before contributing
+
+1) If you have any questions about CanCan, search the [Wiki](https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki) or use [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cancan). Do not post questions here.
+
+2) If you find a security bug, **DO NOT** submit an issue here. Please send an e-mail to [ryan@railscasts.com](mailto:ryan@railscasts.com) instead.
+
+3) Do a small search on the issues tracker before submitting your issue to see if it was already reported / fixed. In case it was not, create your report including Rails and CanCan versions. If you are getting exceptions, please include the full backtrace.
+
+That's it! The more information you give, the more easy it becomes for us to track it down and fix it. Ideal scenario would be adding the issue to CanCan test suite or to a sample application.
+
+Thanks!

Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+source "http://rubygems.org"
+
+case ENV["MODEL_ADAPTER"]
+when nil, "active_record"
+  gem "sqlite3"
+  gem "activerecord", '~> 3.0.9', :require => "active_record"
+  gem "with_model", "~> 0.2.5"
+  gem "meta_where"
+when "data_mapper"
+  gem "dm-core", "~> 1.0.2"
+  gem "dm-sqlite-adapter", "~> 1.0.2"
+  gem "dm-migrations", "~> 1.0.2"
+when "mongoid"
+  gem "bson_ext", "~> 1.1"
+  gem "mongoid", "~> 2.0.0.beta.20"
+else
+  raise "Unknown model adapter: #{ENV["MODEL_ADAPTER"]}"
+end
+
+gemspec

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2009 Ryan Bates
+Copyright (c) 2011 Ryan Bates
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

README.rdoc

@@ -1,193 +1,120 @@
-= CanCan
+= CanCan {<img src="https://fury-badge.herokuapp.com/rb/cancan.png" alt="Gem Version" />}[http://badge.fury.io/rb/cancan] {<img src="https://secure.travis-ci.org/ryanb/cancan.png?branch=master" />}[http://travis-ci.org/ryanb/cancan] {<img src="https://codeclimate.com/badge.png" />}[https://codeclimate.com/github/ryanb/cancan]
 
-This is a simple authorization solution for Rails which is completely decoupled from how you set up the user's roles. All permissions are stored in a single location for convenience.
+Wiki[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki] | RDocs[http://rdoc.info/projects/ryanb/cancan] | Screencast[http://railscasts.com/episodes/192-authorization-with-cancan]
 
-This assumes you already have an authentication solution (such as Authlogic) which proves a current_user model.
+CanCan is an authorization library for Ruby on Rails which restricts what resources a given user is allowed to access. All permissions are defined in a single location (the +Ability+ class) and not duplicated across controllers, views, and database queries.
 
 
 == Installation
 
-You can set it up as a gem in your environment.rb file.
-  
-  config.gem "cancan", :source => "http://gemcutter.org"
-  
-And then install the gem.
+In <b>Rails 3</b>, add this to your Gemfile and run the +bundle+ command.
 
-  gem install cancan
+  gem "cancan"
 
-Alternatively you can install it as a Rails plugin.
+In <b>Rails 2</b>, add this to your environment.rb file.
 
-  script/plugin install git://github.com/ryanb/cancan.git
+  config.gem "cancan"
+
+Alternatively, you can install it as a plugin.
+
+  rails plugin install git://github.com/ryanb/cancan.git
 
 
-== Setup
+== Getting Started
 
-First define a class called Ability, place it in "models/ability.rb".
+CanCan expects a +current_user+ method to exist in the controller. First, set up some authentication (such as Authlogic[https://github.com/binarylogic/authlogic] or Devise[https://github.com/plataformatec/devise]). See {Changing Defaults}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/changing-defaults] if you need different behavior.
+
+
+=== 1. Define Abilities
+
+User permissions are defined in an +Ability+ class. CanCan 1.5 includes a Rails 3 generator for creating this class.
+
+  rails g cancan:ability
+
+In Rails 2.3, just add a new class in `app/models/ability.rb` with the folowing contents:
 
   class Ability
     include CanCan::Ability
-  
-    def prepare(user)
-      if user.admin?
-        can :manage, :all
-      else
-        can :read, :all
-      end
+
+    def initialize(user)
     end
   end
 
-This class is where all permissions will go. See the "Defining Abilities" section below for more information.
+See {Defining Abilities}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/defining-abilities] for details.
 
-In the view layer you can access the current permissions at any point using the "can?" method. See "Checking Abilities" section below.
+
+=== 2. Check Abilities & Authorization
+
+The current user's permissions can then be checked using the <tt>can?</tt> and <tt>cannot?</tt> methods in the view and controller.
 
   <% if can? :update, @article %>
     <%= link_to "Edit", edit_article_path(@article) %>
   <% end %>
 
-You can also use this method in the controller layer along with the "unauthorized!" method to restrict access.
+See {Checking Abilities}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/checking-abilities] for more information
+
+The <tt>authorize!</tt> method in the controller will raise an exception if the user is not able to perform the given action.
 
   def show
     @article = Article.find(params[:id])
-    unauthorized! unless can? :read, @article
+    authorize! :read, @article
   end
 
-Setting this for every action can be tedious, therefore a before filter is also provided for automatically applying this setting to a RESTful style resource controller.
+Setting this for every action can be tedious, therefore the +load_and_authorize_resource+ method is provided to automatically authorize all actions in a RESTful style resource controller. It will use a before filter to load the resource into an instance variable and authorize it for every action.
 
   class ArticlesController < ApplicationController
-    before_filter :load_and_authorize_resource
-    
+    load_and_authorize_resource
+
     def show
-      # @article is already loaded
+      # @article is already loaded and authorized
     end
   end
 
-If the user authorization fails, a CanCan::AccessDenied exception will be raised. You can catch this and modify its behavior.
+See {Authorizing Controller Actions}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/authorizing-controller-actions] for more information.
+
+
+=== 3. Handle Unauthorized Access
+
+If the user authorization fails, a <tt>CanCan::AccessDenied</tt> exception will be raised. You can catch this and modify its behavior in the +ApplicationController+.
 
   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
-    rescue_from CanCan::AccessDenied, :with => :access_denied
-  
-    protected
-  
-    def access_denied
-      flash[:error] = "Sorry, you are not allowed to access that page."
-      redirect_to root_url
+    rescue_from CanCan::AccessDenied do |exception|
+      redirect_to root_url, :alert => exception.message
     end
   end
 
+See {Exception Handling}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/exception-handling] for more information.
 
-== Defining Abilities
 
-As shown above, the Ability#prepare method is where all user permissions are defined. The user model is passed into this method so you are free to modify the permissions based on the user's attributes. This way CanCan is completely decoupled with how you choose to handle roles.
+=== 4. Lock It Down
 
-The "can" method accepts two arguments, the first one is the action you're setting the permission for, the second one is the class of object you're setting it on.
+If you want to ensure authorization happens on every action in your application, add +check_authorization+ to your ApplicationController.
 
-  can :update, Article
-
-You can pass an array for either of these parameters to match any one.
-
-  can [:update, :destroy], [Article, Comment]
-
-In this case the user has the ability to update or destroy both articles and comments.
-
-You can pass a block to provide logic based on the article's attributes. For example:
-
-  can :update, Article do |article|
-    article && article.user == user
+  class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
+    check_authorization
   end
 
-If the block returns true then the user has that :update ability for that article, otherwise he will be denied access. It's possible for the passed in model to be nil if one isn't specified, so be sure to take that into consideration.
-
-You can pass :all to reference every type of object. In this case the object type will be passed into the block as well (just in case object is nil).
-
-  can :read, :all do |object_class, object|
-    object_class != Order
-  end
-
-Here the user has permission to read all objects except orders.
-
-You can also pass :manage as the action which will match any action. In this case the action is passed to the block.
-
-  can :manage, Comment do |action, comment|
-    action != :destroy
-  end
-
-Finally, you can use the "alias_action" method to alias one or more actions into one.
-
-  alias_action :update, :destroy, :to => :modify
-  can :modify, Comment
-
-The following aliases are added by default for conveniently mapping common controller actions.
-
-  alias_action :index, :show, :to => :read
-  alias_action :new, :to => :create
-  alias_action :edit, :to => :update
+This will raise an exception if authorization is not performed in an action. If you want to skip this add +skip_authorization_check+ to a controller subclass. See {Ensure Authorization}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/Ensure-Authorization] for more information.
 
 
-== Checking Abilities
+== Wiki Docs
 
-Use the "can?" method in the controller or view to check the user's permission for a given action and object.
-
-  can? :destroy, @project
-
-You can also pass the class instead of an instance (if you don't have one handy). For example:
-
-  <% if can? :create, Project %>
-    <%= link_to "New Project", new_project_path %>
-  <% end %>
+* {Upgrading to 1.6}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/Upgrading-to-1.6]
+* {Defining Abilities}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/Defining-Abilities]
+* {Checking Abilities}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/Checking-Abilities]
+* {Authorizing Controller Actions}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/Authorizing-Controller-Actions]
+* {Exception Handling}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/Exception-Handling]
+* {Changing Defaults}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/Changing-Defaults]
+* {See more}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki]
 
 
-== Custom Actions
+== Questions or Problems?
 
-There is no limit to what actions you can use to determine abilities. For example, if only pro users are allowed to upload a picture for their product, you might add restrictions like this.
+If you have any issues with CanCan which you cannot find the solution to in the documentation[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki], please add an {issue on GitHub}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/issues] or fork the project and send a pull request.
 
-  # ability.rb
-  can :upload_picture, Project if user.pro?
-
-  # projects/_form.html.erb
-  <%= f.file_field :picture if can? :upload_picture, @project %>
-  
-  # projects_controller.rb
-  def update
-    unauthorized! if params[:project][:upload_picture] && !can?(:upload_picture, @project)
-    # ...
-  end
+To get the specs running you should call +bundle+ and then +rake+. See the {spec/README}[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/blob/master/spec/README.rdoc] for more information.
 
 
-== Customizing Assumptions
+== Special Thanks
 
-CanCan makes two assumptions about your application.
-
-  * The permissions are defined in Ability#prepare.
-  * The user is fetched with current_user method in the controller.
-
-You can override these by defining the "current_ability" method in your ApplicationController.
-
-   def current_ability
-     ability = UserAbility.new          # instead of Ability
-     ability.prepare(current_account)   # instead of current_user
-     ability                            # be sure to return the ability
-   end
-
-That's it!
-
-
-== Permissions in Database
-
-Perhaps a non-coder needs the ability to modify the user abilities, or you want to change them without having to re-deploy the application. In that case it may be best to store the permission logic in a separate model, let's call it Permission. It is easy to use the database records when defining abilities.
-
-For example, let's assume that each user has_many :permissions, and each permission has "action", "object_type" and "object_id" columns. The last of which is optional.
-
-  class Ability
-    include CanCan::Ability
-  
-    def prepare(user)
-      can :manage, :all do |action, object_class, object|
-        user.permissions.find_all_by_action(action).any? do |permission|
-          permission.object_type.constantize == object_class &&
-            (object.nil? || permission.object_id.nil? || permission.object_id == object.id)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-The actual details will depend largely on your application requirements, but hopefully you can see how it's possible to define permissions in the database and use them with CanCan.
+CanCan was inspired by declarative_authorization[https://github.com/stffn/declarative_authorization/] and aegis[https://github.com/makandra/aegis]. Also many thanks to the CanCan contributors[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/contributors]. See the CHANGELOG[https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/blob/master/CHANGELOG.rdoc] for the full list.

Rakefile

@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
-require 'rubygems'
-require 'rake'
-require 'spec/rake/spectask'
-
-spec_files = Rake::FileList["spec/**/*_spec.rb"]
-
-desc "Run specs"
-Spec::Rake::SpecTask.new do |t|
-  t.spec_files = spec_files
-  t.spec_opts = ["-c"]
-end
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rake'
+require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
+
+desc "Run RSpec"
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new do |t|
+  t.verbose = false
+end
+
+desc "Run specs for all adapters"
+task :spec_all do
+  %w[active_record data_mapper mongoid].each do |model_adapter|
+    puts "MODEL_ADAPTER = #{model_adapter}"
+    system "rake spec MODEL_ADAPTER=#{model_adapter}"
+  end
+end
+
+task :default => :spec

cancan.gemspec

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
-  s.name = "cancan"
-  s.summary = "Simple authorization solution for Rails."
-  s.description = "Simple authorization solution for Rails which is completely decoupled from the user's roles. All permissions are stored in a single location for convenience."
-  s.homepage = "http://github.com/ryanb/cancan"
-  
-  s.version = "0.1.0"
-  s.date = "2009-11-16"
-  
-  s.authors = ["Ryan Bates"]
-  s.email = "ryan@railscasts.com"
-  
-  s.require_paths = ["lib"]
-  s.files = Dir["lib/**/*"] + Dir["spec/**/*"] + ["LICENSE", "README.rdoc", "Rakefile", "CHANGELOG.rdoc", "init.rb"]
-  s.extra_rdoc_files = ["README.rdoc", "CHANGELOG.rdoc", "LICENSE"]
-  
-  s.has_rdoc = true
-  s.rdoc_options = ["--line-numbers", "--inline-source", "--title", "CanCan", "--main", "README.rdoc"]
-  
-  s.rubygems_version = "1.3.4"
-  s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 1.2")
+  s.name        = "cancan"
+  s.version     = "1.6.10"
+  s.author      = "Ryan Bates"
+  s.email       = "ryan@railscasts.com"
+  s.homepage    = "http://github.com/ryanb/cancan"
+  s.summary     = "Simple authorization solution for Rails."
+  s.description = "Simple authorization solution for Rails which is decoupled from user roles. All permissions are stored in a single location."
+
+  s.files        = Dir["{lib,spec}/**/*", "[A-Z]*", "init.rb"] - ["Gemfile.lock"]
+  s.require_path = "lib"
+
+  s.add_development_dependency 'rspec', '~> 2.6.0'
+  s.add_development_dependency 'rails', '~> 3.0.9'
+  s.add_development_dependency 'rr', '~> 0.10.11' # 1.0.0 has respond_to? issues: http://github.com/btakita/rr/issues/issue/43
+  s.add_development_dependency 'supermodel', '~> 0.1.4'
+
+  s.rubyforge_project = s.name
+  s.required_rubygems_version = ">= 1.3.4"
 end

lib/cancan.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
-module CanCan
-  class AccessDenied < StandardError; end
-end
+require 'cancan/ability'
+require 'cancan/rule'
+require 'cancan/controller_resource'
+require 'cancan/controller_additions'
+require 'cancan/model_additions'
+require 'cancan/exceptions'
+require 'cancan/inherited_resource'
 
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/cancan/ability'
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/cancan/controller_additions'
+require 'cancan/model_adapters/abstract_adapter'
+require 'cancan/model_adapters/default_adapter'
+require 'cancan/model_adapters/active_record_adapter' if defined? ActiveRecord
+require 'cancan/model_adapters/data_mapper_adapter' if defined? DataMapper
+require 'cancan/model_adapters/mongoid_adapter' if defined?(Mongoid) && defined?(Mongoid::Document)

lib/cancan/ability.rb

@@ -1,45 +1,305 @@
 module CanCan
+
+  # This module is designed to be included into an Ability class. This will
+  # provide the "can" methods for defining and checking abilities.
+  #
+  #   class Ability
+  #     include CanCan::Ability
+  #
+  #     def initialize(user)
+  #       if user.admin?
+  #         can :manage, :all
+  #       else
+  #         can :read, :all
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
   module Ability
-    attr_accessor :user
-    
-    def can?(original_action, target) # TODO this could use some refactoring
-      (@can_history || []).reverse.each do |can_action, can_target, can_block|
-        possible_actions_for(original_action).each do |action|
-          if (can_action == :manage || can_action == action) && (can_target == :all || can_target == target || target.kind_of?(can_target))
-            if can_block.nil?
-              return true
-            else
-              block_args = []
-              block_args << action if can_action == :manage
-              block_args << (target.class == Class ? target : target.class) if can_target == :all
-              block_args << (target.class == Class ? nil : target)
-              return can_block.call(*block_args)
-            end
-          end
+    # Check if the user has permission to perform a given action on an object.
+    #
+    #   can? :destroy, @project
+    #
+    # You can also pass the class instead of an instance (if you don't have one handy).
+    #
+    #   can? :create, Project
+    #
+    # Nested resources can be passed through a hash, this way conditions which are
+    # dependent upon the association will work when using a class.
+    #
+    #   can? :create, @category => Project
+    #
+    # Any additional arguments will be passed into the "can" block definition. This
+    # can be used to pass more information about the user's request for example.
+    #
+    #   can? :create, Project, request.remote_ip
+    #
+    #   can :create Project do |project, remote_ip|
+    #     # ...
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Not only can you use the can? method in the controller and view (see ControllerAdditions),
+    # but you can also call it directly on an ability instance.
+    #
+    #   ability.can? :destroy, @project
+    #
+    # This makes testing a user's abilities very easy.
+    #
+    #   def test "user can only destroy projects which he owns"
+    #     user = User.new
+    #     ability = Ability.new(user)
+    #     assert ability.can?(:destroy, Project.new(:user => user))
+    #     assert ability.cannot?(:destroy, Project.new)
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Also see the RSpec Matchers to aid in testing.
+    def can?(action, subject, *extra_args)
+      match = relevant_rules_for_match(action, subject).detect do |rule|
+        rule.matches_conditions?(action, subject, extra_args)
+      end
+      match ? match.base_behavior : false
+    end
+
+    # Convenience method which works the same as "can?" but returns the opposite value.
+    #
+    #   cannot? :destroy, @project
+    #
+    def cannot?(*args)
+      !can?(*args)
+    end
+
+    # Defines which abilities are allowed using two arguments. The first one is the action
+    # you're setting the permission for, the second one is the class of object you're setting it on.
+    #
+    #   can :update, Article
+    #
+    # You can pass an array for either of these parameters to match any one.
+    # Here the user has the ability to update or destroy both articles and comments.
+    #
+    #   can [:update, :destroy], [Article, Comment]
+    #
+    # You can pass :all to match any object and :manage to match any action. Here are some examples.
+    #
+    #   can :manage, :all
+    #   can :update, :all
+    #   can :manage, Project
+    #
+    # You can pass a hash of conditions as the third argument. Here the user can only see active projects which he owns.
+    #
+    #   can :read, Project, :active => true, :user_id => user.id
+    #
+    # See ActiveRecordAdditions#accessible_by for how to use this in database queries. These conditions
+    # are also used for initial attributes when building a record in ControllerAdditions#load_resource.
+    #
+    # If the conditions hash does not give you enough control over defining abilities, you can use a block
+    # along with any Ruby code you want.
+    #
+    #   can :update, Project do |project|
+    #     project.groups.include?(user.group)
+    #   end
+    #
+    # If the block returns true then the user has that :update ability for that project, otherwise he
+    # will be denied access. The downside to using a block is that it cannot be used to generate
+    # conditions for database queries.
+    #
+    # You can pass custom objects into this "can" method, this is usually done with a symbol
+    # and is useful if a class isn't available to define permissions on.
+    #
+    #   can :read, :stats
+    #   can? :read, :stats # => true
+    #
+    # IMPORTANT: Neither a hash of conditions or a block will be used when checking permission on a class.
+    #
+    #   can :update, Project, :priority => 3
+    #   can? :update, Project # => true
+    #
+    # If you pass no arguments to +can+, the action, class, and object will be passed to the block and the
+    # block will always be executed. This allows you to override the full behavior if the permissions are
+    # defined in an external source such as the database.
+    #
+    #   can do |action, object_class, object|
+    #     # check the database and return true/false
+    #   end
+    #
+    def can(action = nil, subject = nil, conditions = nil, &block)
+      rules << Rule.new(true, action, subject, conditions, block)
+    end
+
+    # Defines an ability which cannot be done. Accepts the same arguments as "can".
+    #
+    #   can :read, :all
+    #   cannot :read, Comment
+    #
+    # A block can be passed just like "can", however if the logic is complex it is recommended
+    # to use the "can" method.
+    #
+    #   cannot :read, Product do |product|
+    #     product.invisible?
+    #   end
+    #
+    def cannot(action = nil, subject = nil, conditions = nil, &block)
+      rules << Rule.new(false, action, subject, conditions, block)
+    end
+
+    # Alias one or more actions into another one.
+    #
+    #   alias_action :update, :destroy, :to => :modify
+    #   can :modify, Comment
+    #
+    # Then :modify permission will apply to both :update and :destroy requests.
+    #
+    #   can? :update, Comment # => true
+    #   can? :destroy, Comment # => true
+    #
+    # This only works in one direction. Passing the aliased action into the "can?" call
+    # will not work because aliases are meant to generate more generic actions.
+    #
+    #   alias_action :update, :destroy, :to => :modify
+    #   can :update, Comment
+    #   can? :modify, Comment # => false
+    #
+    # Unless that exact alias is used.
+    #
+    #   can :modify, Comment
+    #   can? :modify, Comment # => true
+    #
+    # The following aliases are added by default for conveniently mapping common controller actions.
+    #
+    #   alias_action :index, :show, :to => :read
+    #   alias_action :new, :to => :create
+    #   alias_action :edit, :to => :update
+    #
+    # This way one can use params[:action] in the controller to determine the permission.
+    def alias_action(*args)
+      target = args.pop[:to]
+      validate_target(target)
+      aliased_actions[target] ||= []
+      aliased_actions[target] += args
+    end
+
+    # User shouldn't specify targets with names of real actions or it will cause Seg fault
+    def validate_target(target)
+      raise Error, "You can't specify target (#{target}) as alias because it is real action name" if aliased_actions.values.flatten.include? target
+    end
+
+    # Returns a hash of aliased actions. The key is the target and the value is an array of actions aliasing the key.
+    def aliased_actions
+      @aliased_actions ||= default_alias_actions
+    end
+
+    # Removes previously aliased actions including the defaults.
+    def clear_aliased_actions
+      @aliased_actions = {}
+    end
+
+    def model_adapter(model_class, action)
+      adapter_class = ModelAdapters::AbstractAdapter.adapter_class(model_class)
+      adapter_class.new(model_class, relevant_rules_for_query(action, model_class))
+    end
+
+    # See ControllerAdditions#authorize! for documentation.
+    def authorize!(action, subject, *args)
+      message = nil
+      if args.last.kind_of?(Hash) && args.last.has_key?(:message)
+        message = args.pop[:message]
+      end
+      if cannot?(action, subject, *args)
+        message ||= unauthorized_message(action, subject)
+        raise AccessDenied.new(message, action, subject)
+      end
+      subject
+    end
+
+    def unauthorized_message(action, subject)
+      keys = unauthorized_message_keys(action, subject)
+      variables = {:action => action.to_s}
+      variables[:subject] = (subject.class == Class ? subject : subject.class).to_s.underscore.humanize.downcase
+      message = I18n.translate(nil, variables.merge(:scope => :unauthorized, :default => keys + [""]))
+      message.blank? ? nil : message
+    end
+
+    def attributes_for(action, subject)
+      attributes = {}
+      relevant_rules(action, subject).map do |rule|
+        attributes.merge!(rule.attributes_from_conditions) if rule.base_behavior
+      end
+      attributes
+    end
+
+    def has_block?(action, subject)
+      relevant_rules(action, subject).any?(&:only_block?)
+    end
+
+    def has_raw_sql?(action, subject)
+      relevant_rules(action, subject).any?(&:only_raw_sql?)
+    end
+
+    def merge(ability)
+      ability.send(:rules).each do |rule|
+        rules << rule.dup
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def unauthorized_message_keys(action, subject)
+      subject = (subject.class == Class ? subject : subject.class).name.underscore unless subject.kind_of? Symbol
+      [subject, :all].map do |try_subject|
+        [aliases_for_action(action), :manage].flatten.map do |try_action|
+          :"#{try_action}.#{try_subject}"
+        end
+      end.flatten
+    end
+
+    # Accepts an array of actions and returns an array of actions which match.
+    # This should be called before "matches?" and other checking methods since they
+    # rely on the actions to be expanded.
+    def expand_actions(actions)
+      actions.map do |action|
+        aliased_actions[action] ? [action, *expand_actions(aliased_actions[action])] : action
+      end.flatten
+    end
+
+    # Given an action, it will try to find all of the actions which are aliased to it.
+    # This does the opposite kind of lookup as expand_actions.
+    def aliases_for_action(action)
+      results = [action]
+      aliased_actions.each do |aliased_action, actions|
+        results += aliases_for_action(aliased_action) if actions.include? action
+      end
+      results
+    end
+
+    def rules
+      @rules ||= []
+    end
+
+    # Returns an array of Rule instances which match the action and subject
+    # This does not take into consideration any hash conditions or block statements
+    def relevant_rules(action, subject)
+      rules.reverse.select do |rule|
+        rule.expanded_actions = expand_actions(rule.actions)
+        rule.relevant? action, subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    def relevant_rules_for_match(action, subject)
+      relevant_rules(action, subject).each do |rule|
+        if rule.only_raw_sql?
+          raise Error, "The can? and cannot? call cannot be used with a raw sql 'can' definition. The checking code cannot be determined for #{action.inspect} #{subject.inspect}"
         end
       end
-      false
     end
-    
-    def possible_actions_for(initial_action)
-      actions = [initial_action]
-      (@aliased_actions || default_alias_actions).each do |target, aliases|
-        actions += possible_actions_for(target) if aliases.include? initial_action
+
+    def relevant_rules_for_query(action, subject)
+      relevant_rules(action, subject).each do |rule|
+        if rule.only_block?
+          raise Error, "The accessible_by call cannot be used with a block 'can' definition. The SQL cannot be determined for #{action.inspect} #{subject.inspect}"
+        end
       end
-      actions
     end
-      
-    def can(action, target, &block)
-      @can_history ||= []
-      @can_history << [action, target, block]
-    end
-    
-    def alias_action(*args)
-      @aliased_actions ||= default_alias_actions
-      target = args.pop[:to]
-      @aliased_actions[target] = args
-    end
-    
+
     def default_alias_actions
       {
         :read => [:index, :show],
@@ -47,9 +307,5 @@ module CanCan
         :update => [:edit],
       }
     end
-    
-    def prepare(user)
-      # to be overriden by included class
-    end
   end
 end

lib/cancan/controller_additions.rb

@@ -1,46 +1,397 @@
 module CanCan
+
+  # This module is automatically included into all controllers.
+  # It also makes the "can?" and "cannot?" methods available to all views.
   module ControllerAdditions
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.helper_method :can?
-    end
-    
-    def unauthorized!
-      raise AccessDenied, "You are unable to access this page."
-    end
-    
-    def current_ability
-      ability = ::Ability.new
-      ability.prepare(current_user)
-      ability
-    end
-    
-    def can?(*args)
-      (@current_ability ||= current_ability).can?(*args)
-    end
-    
-    def load_resource # TODO this could use some refactoring
-      unless params[:action] == "index"
-        if params[:id]
-          instance_variable_set("@#{params[:controller].singularize}", params[:controller].singularize.camelcase.constantize.find(params[:id]))
-        else
-          instance_variable_set("@#{params[:controller].singularize}", params[:controller].singularize.camelcase.constantize.new(params[params[:controller].singularize.to_sym]))
+    module ClassMethods
+      # Sets up a before filter which loads and authorizes the current resource. This performs both
+      # load_resource and authorize_resource and accepts the same arguments. See those methods for details.
+      #
+      #   class BooksController < ApplicationController
+      #     load_and_authorize_resource
+      #   end
+      #
+      def load_and_authorize_resource(*args)
+        cancan_resource_class.add_before_filter(self, :load_and_authorize_resource, *args)
+      end
+
+      # Sets up a before filter which loads the model resource into an instance variable.
+      # For example, given an ArticlesController it will load the current article into the @article
+      # instance variable. It does this by either calling Article.find(params[:id]) or
+      # Article.new(params[:article]) depending upon the action. The index action will
+      # automatically set @articles to Article.accessible_by(current_ability).
+      #
+      # If a conditions hash is used in the Ability, the +new+ and +create+ actions will set
+      # the initial attributes based on these conditions. This way these actions will satisfy
+      # the ability restrictions.
+      #
+      # Call this method directly on the controller class.
+      #
+      #   class BooksController < ApplicationController
+      #     load_resource
+      #   end
+      #
+      # A resource is not loaded if the instance variable is already set. This makes it easy to override
+      # the behavior through a before_filter on certain actions.
+      #
+      #   class BooksController < ApplicationController
+      #     before_filter :find_book_by_permalink, :only => :show
+      #     load_resource
+      #
+      #     private
+      #
+      #     def find_book_by_permalink
+      #       @book = Book.find_by_permalink!(params[:id)
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      # If a name is provided which does not match the controller it assumes it is a parent resource. Child
+      # resources can then be loaded through it.
+      #
+      #   class BooksController < ApplicationController
+      #     load_resource :author
+      #     load_resource :book, :through => :author
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Here the author resource will be loaded before each action using params[:author_id]. The book resource
+      # will then be loaded through the @author instance variable.
+      #
+      # That first argument is optional and will default to the singular name of the controller.
+      # A hash of options (see below) can also be passed to this method to further customize it.
+      #
+      # See load_and_authorize_resource to automatically authorize the resource too.
+      #
+      # Options:
+      # [:+only+]
+      #   Only applies before filter to given actions.
+      #
+      # [:+except+]
+      #   Does not apply before filter to given actions.
+      #
+      # [:+through+]
+      #   Load this resource through another one. This should match the name of the parent instance variable or method.
+      #
+      # [:+through_association+]
+      #   The name of the association to fetch the child records through the parent resource. This is normally not needed
+      #   because it defaults to the pluralized resource name.
+      #
+      # [:+shallow+]
+      #   Pass +true+ to allow this resource to be loaded directly when parent is +nil+. Defaults to +false+.
+      #
+      # [:+singleton+]
+      #   Pass +true+ if this is a singleton resource through a +has_one+ association.
+      #
+      # [:+parent+]
+      #   True or false depending on if the resource is considered a parent resource. This defaults to +true+ if a resource
+      #   name is given which does not match the controller.
+      #
+      # [:+class+]
+      #   The class to use for the model (string or constant).
+      #
+      # [:+instance_name+]
+      #   The name of the instance variable to load the resource into.
+      #
+      # [:+find_by+]
+      #   Find using a different attribute other than id. For example.
+      #
+      #     load_resource :find_by => :permalink # will use find_by_permalink!(params[:id])
+      #
+      # [:+id_param+]
+      #   Find using a param key other than :id. For example:
+      #
+      #     load_resource :id_key => :url # will use find(params[:url])
+      #
+      # [:+collection+]
+      #   Specify which actions are resource collection actions in addition to :+index+. This
+      #   is usually not necessary because it will try to guess depending on if the id param is present.
+      #
+      #     load_resource :collection => [:sort, :list]
+      #
+      # [:+new+]
+      #   Specify which actions are new resource actions in addition to :+new+ and :+create+.
+      #   Pass an action name into here if you would like to build a new resource instead of
+      #   fetch one.
+      #
+      #     load_resource :new => :build
+      #
+      # [:+prepend+]
+      #   Passing +true+ will use prepend_before_filter instead of a normal before_filter.
+      #
+      def load_resource(*args)
+        cancan_resource_class.add_before_filter(self, :load_resource, *args)
+      end
+
+      # Sets up a before filter which authorizes the resource using the instance variable.
+      # For example, if you have an ArticlesController it will check the @article instance variable
+      # and ensure the user can perform the current action on it. Under the hood it is doing
+      # something like the following.
+      #
+      #   authorize!(params[:action].to_sym, @article || Article)
+      #
+      # Call this method directly on the controller class.
+      #
+      #   class BooksController < ApplicationController
+      #     authorize_resource
+      #   end
+      #
+      # If you pass in the name of a resource which does not match the controller it will assume
+      # it is a parent resource.
+      #
+      #   class BooksController < ApplicationController
+      #     authorize_resource :author
+      #     authorize_resource :book
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Here it will authorize :+show+, @+author+ on every action before authorizing the book.
+      #
+      # That first argument is optional and will default to the singular name of the controller.
+      # A hash of options (see below) can also be passed to this method to further customize it.
+      #
+      # See load_and_authorize_resource to automatically load the resource too.
+      #
+      # Options:
+      # [:+only+]
+      #   Only applies before filter to given actions.
+      #
+      # [:+except+]
+      #   Does not apply before filter to given actions.
+      #
+      # [:+singleton+]
+      #   Pass +true+ if this is a singleton resource through a +has_one+ association.
+      #
+      # [:+parent+]
+      #   True or false depending on if the resource is considered a parent resource. This defaults to +true+ if a resource
+      #   name is given which does not match the controller.
+      #
+      # [:+class+]
+      #   The class to use for the model (string or constant). This passed in when the instance variable is not set.
+      #   Pass +false+ if there is no associated class for this resource and it will use a symbol of the resource name.
+      #
+      # [:+instance_name+]
+      #   The name of the instance variable for this resource.
+      #
+      # [:+through+]
+      #   Authorize conditions on this parent resource when instance isn't available.
+      #
+      # [:+prepend+]
+      #   Passing +true+ will use prepend_before_filter instead of a normal before_filter.
+      #
+      def authorize_resource(*args)
+        cancan_resource_class.add_before_filter(self, :authorize_resource, *args)
+      end
+
+      # Skip both the loading and authorization behavior of CanCan for this given controller. This is primarily
+      # useful to skip the behavior of a superclass. You can pass :only and :except options to specify which actions
+      # to skip the effects on. It will apply to all actions by default.
+      #
+      #   class ProjectsController < SomeOtherController
+      #     skip_load_and_authorize_resource :only => :index
+      #   end
+      #
+      # You can also pass the resource name as the first argument to skip that resource.
+      def skip_load_and_authorize_resource(*args)
+        skip_load_resource(*args)
+        skip_authorize_resource(*args)
+      end
+
+      # Skip the loading behavior of CanCan. This is useful when using +load_and_authorize_resource+ but want to
+      # only do authorization on certain actions. You can pass :only and :except options to specify which actions to
+      # skip the effects on. It will apply to all actions by default.
+      #
+      #   class ProjectsController < ApplicationController
+      #     load_and_authorize_resource
+      #     skip_load_resource :only => :index
+      #   end
+      #
+      # You can also pass the resource name as the first argument to skip that resource.
+      def skip_load_resource(*args)
+        options = args.extract_options!
+        name = args.first
+        cancan_skipper[:load][name] = options
+      end
+
+      # Skip the authorization behavior of CanCan. This is useful when using +load_and_authorize_resource+ but want to
+      # only do loading on certain actions. You can pass :only and :except options to specify which actions to
+      # skip the effects on. It will apply to all actions by default.
+      #
+      #   class ProjectsController < ApplicationController
+      #     load_and_authorize_resource
+      #     skip_authorize_resource :only => :index
+      #   end
+      #
+      # You can also pass the resource name as the first argument to skip that resource.
+      def skip_authorize_resource(*args)
+        options = args.extract_options!
+        name = args.first
+        cancan_skipper[:authorize][name] = options
+      end
+
+      # Add this to a controller to ensure it performs authorization through +authorized+! or +authorize_resource+ call.
+      # If neither of these authorization methods are called, a CanCan::AuthorizationNotPerformed exception will be raised.
+      # This is normally added to the ApplicationController to ensure all controller actions do authorization.
+      #
+      #   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
+      #     check_authorization
+      #   end
+      #
+      # See skip_authorization_check to bypass this check on specific controller actions.
+      #
+      # Options:
+      # [:+only+]
+      #   Only applies to given actions.
+      #
+      # [:+except+]
+      #   Does not apply to given actions.
+      #
+      # [:+if+]
+      #   Supply the name of a controller method to be called. The authorization check only takes place if this returns true.
+      #
+      #     check_authorization :if => :admin_controller?
+      #
+      # [:+unless+]
+      #   Supply the name of a controller method to be called. The authorization check only takes place if this returns false.
+      #
+      #     check_authorization :unless => :devise_controller?
+      #
+      def check_authorization(options = {})
+        self.after_filter(options.slice(:only, :except)) do |controller|
+          next if controller.instance_variable_defined?(:@_authorized)
+          next if options[:if] && !controller.send(options[:if])
+          next if options[:unless] && controller.send(options[:unless])
+          raise AuthorizationNotPerformed, "This action failed the check_authorization because it does not authorize_resource. Add skip_authorization_check to bypass this check."
         end
       end
+
+      # Call this in the class of a controller to skip the check_authorization behavior on the actions.
+      #
+      #   class HomeController < ApplicationController
+      #     skip_authorization_check :only => :index
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Any arguments are passed to the +before_filter+ it triggers.
+      def skip_authorization_check(*args)
+        self.before_filter(*args) do |controller|
+          controller.instance_variable_set(:@_authorized, true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def skip_authorization(*args)
+        raise ImplementationRemoved, "The CanCan skip_authorization method has been renamed to skip_authorization_check. Please update your code."
+      end
+
+      def cancan_resource_class
+        if ancestors.map(&:to_s).include? "InheritedResources::Actions"
+          InheritedResource
+        else
+          ControllerResource
+        end
+      end
+
+      def cancan_skipper
+        @_cancan_skipper ||= {:authorize => {}, :load => {}}
+      end
     end
-    
-    def authorize_resource # TODO this could use some refactoring
-      unauthorized! unless can?(params[:action].to_sym, instance_variable_get("@#{params[:controller].singularize}") || params[:controller].singularize.camelcase.constantize)
+
+    def self.included(base)
+      base.extend ClassMethods
+      base.helper_method :can?, :cannot?, :current_ability
     end
-    
-    def load_and_authorize_resource
-      load_resource
-      authorize_resource
+
+    # Raises a CanCan::AccessDenied exception if the current_ability cannot
+    # perform the given action. This is usually called in a controller action or
+    # before filter to perform the authorization.
+    #
+    #   def show
+    #     @article = Article.find(params[:id])
+    #     authorize! :read, @article
+    #   end
+    #
+    # A :message option can be passed to specify a different message.
+    #
+    #   authorize! :read, @article, :message => "Not authorized to read #{@article.name}"
+    #
+    # You can also use I18n to customize the message. Action aliases defined in Ability work here.
+    #
+    #   en:
+    #     unauthorized:
+    #       manage:
+    #         all: "Not authorized to %{action} %{subject}."
+    #         user: "Not allowed to manage other user accounts."
+    #       update:
+    #         project: "Not allowed to update this project."
+    #
+    # You can rescue from the exception in the controller to customize how unauthorized
+    # access is displayed to the user.
+    #
+    #   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
+    #     rescue_from CanCan::AccessDenied do |exception|
+    #       redirect_to root_url, :alert => exception.message
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # See the CanCan::AccessDenied exception for more details on working with the exception.
+    #
+    # See the load_and_authorize_resource method to automatically add the authorize! behavior
+    # to the default RESTful actions.
+    def authorize!(*args)
+      @_authorized = true
+      current_ability.authorize!(*args)
+    end
+
+    def unauthorized!(message = nil)
+      raise ImplementationRemoved, "The unauthorized! method has been removed from CanCan, use authorize! instead."
+    end
+
+    # Creates and returns the current user's ability and caches it. If you
+    # want to override how the Ability is defined then this is the place.
+    # Just define the method in the controller to change behavior.
+    #
+    #   def current_ability
+    #     # instead of Ability.new(current_user)
+    #     @current_ability ||= UserAbility.new(current_account)
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Notice it is important to cache the ability object so it is not
+    # recreated every time.
+    def current_ability
+      @current_ability ||= ::Ability.new(current_user)
+    end
+
+    # Use in the controller or view to check the user's permission for a given action
+    # and object.
+    #
+    #   can? :destroy, @project
+    #
+    # You can also pass the class instead of an instance (if you don't have one handy).
+    #
+    #   <% if can? :create, Project %>
+    #     <%= link_to "New Project", new_project_path %>
+    #   <% end %>
+    #
+    # If it's a nested resource, you can pass the parent instance in a hash. This way it will
+    # check conditions which reach through that association.
+    #
+    #   <% if can? :create, @category => Project %>
+    #     <%= link_to "New Project", new_project_path %>
+    #   <% end %>
+    #
+    # This simply calls "can?" on the current_ability. See Ability#can?.
+    def can?(*args)
+      current_ability.can?(*args)
+    end
+
+    # Convenience method which works the same as "can?" but returns the opposite value.
+    #
+    #   cannot? :destroy, @project
+    #
+    def cannot?(*args)
+      current_ability.cannot?(*args)
     end
   end
 end
 
-if defined? ActionController
+if defined? ActionController::Base
   ActionController::Base.class_eval do
     include CanCan::ControllerAdditions
   end
-end
+end

lib/cancan/controller_resource.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+module CanCan
+  # Handle the load and authorization controller logic so we don't clutter up all controllers with non-interface methods.
+  # This class is used internally, so you do not need to call methods directly on it.
+  class ControllerResource # :nodoc:
+    def self.add_before_filter(controller_class, method, *args)
+      options = args.extract_options!
+      resource_name = args.first
+      before_filter_method = options.delete(:prepend) ? :prepend_before_filter : :before_filter
+      controller_class.send(before_filter_method, options.slice(:only, :except, :if, :unless)) do |controller|
+        controller.class.cancan_resource_class.new(controller, resource_name, options.except(:only, :except, :if, :unless)).send(method)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(controller, *args)
+      @controller = controller
+      @params = controller.params
+      @options = args.extract_options!
+      @name = args.first
+      raise CanCan::ImplementationRemoved, "The :nested option is no longer supported, instead use :through with separate load/authorize call." if @options[:nested]
+      raise CanCan::ImplementationRemoved, "The :name option is no longer supported, instead pass the name as the first argument." if @options[:name]
+      raise CanCan::ImplementationRemoved, "The :resource option has been renamed back to :class, use false if no class." if @options[:resource]
+    end
+
+    def load_and_authorize_resource
+      load_resource
+      authorize_resource
+      if update_actions.include?(@params[:action].to_sym)
+        update_resource
+        authorize_resource # Reauthorize the now-updated resource
+      end
+    end
+
+    def load_resource
+      unless skip?(:load)
+        if load_instance?
+          self.resource_instance ||= load_resource_instance
+        elsif load_collection?
+          self.collection_instance ||= load_collection
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def authorize_resource
+      unless skip?(:authorize)
+        @controller.authorize!(authorization_action, resource_instance || resource_class_with_parent)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def parent?
+      @options.has_key?(:parent) ? @options[:parent] : @name && @name != name_from_controller.to_sym
+    end
+
+    def skip?(behavior) # This could probably use some refactoring
+      options = @controller.class.cancan_skipper[behavior][@name]
+      if options.nil?
+        false
+      elsif options == {}
+        true
+      elsif options[:except] && ![options[:except]].flatten.include?(@params[:action].to_sym)
+        true
+      elsif [options[:only]].flatten.include?(@params[:action].to_sym)
+        true
+      end
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    def load_resource_instance
+      if !parent? && new_actions.include?(@params[:action].to_sym)
+        build_resource
+      elsif id_param || @options[:singleton]
+        find_resource
+      end
+    end
+
+    def load_instance?
+      parent? || member_action?
+    end
+
+    def load_collection?
+      resource_base.respond_to?(:accessible_by) && !current_ability.has_block?(authorization_action, resource_class)
+    end
+
+    def load_collection
+      resource_base.accessible_by(current_ability, authorization_action)
+    end
+
+    def build_resource
+      resource = resource_base.new(resource_params || {})
+      assign_attributes(resource)
+    end
+
+    def update_resource
+      resource.assign_attributes(resource_params || {})
+    end
+
+    def assign_attributes(resource)
+      resource.send("#{parent_name}=", parent_resource) if @options[:singleton] && parent_resource
+      initial_attributes.each do |attr_name, value|
+        resource.send("#{attr_name}=", value)
+      end
+      resource
+    end
+
+    def initial_attributes
+      current_ability.attributes_for(@params[:action].to_sym, resource_class).delete_if do |key, value|
+        resource_params && resource_params.include?(key)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def find_resource
+      if @options[:singleton] && parent_resource.respond_to?(name)
+        parent_resource.send(name)
+      else
+        if @options[:find_by]
+          if resource_base.respond_to? "find_by_#{@options[:find_by]}!"
+            resource_base.send("find_by_#{@options[:find_by]}!", id_param)
+          elsif resource_base.respond_to? "find_by"
+            resource_base.send("find_by", { @options[:find_by].to_sym => id_param })
+          else
+            resource_base.send(@options[:find_by], id_param)
+          end
+        else
+          adapter.find(resource_base, id_param)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def adapter
+      ModelAdapters::AbstractAdapter.adapter_class(resource_class)
+    end
+
+    def authorization_action
+      parent? ? :show : @params[:action].to_sym
+    end
+
+    def id_param
+      if @options[:id_param]
+        @params[@options[:id_param]]
+      else
+        @params[parent? ? :"#{name}_id" : :id]
+      end.to_s
+    end
+
+    def member_action?
+      new_actions.include?(@params[:action].to_sym) || @options[:singleton] || ( (@params[:id] || @params[@options[:id_param]]) && !collection_actions.include?(@params[:action].to_sym))
+    end
+
+    # Returns the class used for this resource. This can be overriden by the :class option.
+    # If +false+ is passed in it will use the resource name as a symbol in which case it should
+    # only be used for authorization, not loading since there's no class to load through.
+    def resource_class
+      case @options[:class]
+      when false  then name.to_sym
+      when nil    then namespaced_name.to_s.camelize.constantize
+      when String then @options[:class].constantize
+      else @options[:class]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def resource_class_with_parent
+      parent_resource ? {parent_resource => resource_class} : resource_class
+    end
+
+    def resource_instance=(instance)
+      @controller.instance_variable_set("@#{instance_name}", instance)
+    end
+
+    def resource_instance
+      @controller.instance_variable_get("@#{instance_name}") if load_instance?
+    end
+
+    def collection_instance=(instance)
+      @controller.instance_variable_set("@#{instance_name.to_s.pluralize}", instance)
+    end
+
+    def collection_instance
+      @controller.instance_variable_get("@#{instance_name.to_s.pluralize}")
+    end
+
+    # The object that methods (such as "find", "new" or "build") are called on.
+    # If the :through option is passed it will go through an association on that instance.
+    # If the :shallow option is passed it will use the resource_class if there's no parent
+    # If the :singleton option is passed it won't use the association because it needs to be handled later.
+    def resource_base
+      if @options[:through]
+        if parent_resource
+          @options[:singleton] ? resource_class : parent_resource.send(@options[:through_association] || name.to_s.pluralize)
+        elsif @options[:shallow]
+          resource_class
+        else
+          raise AccessDenied.new(nil, authorization_action, resource_class) # maybe this should be a record not found error instead?
+        end
+      else
+        resource_class
+      end
+    end
+
+    def parent_name
+      @options[:through] && [@options[:through]].flatten.detect { |i| fetch_parent(i) }
+    end
+
+    # The object to load this resource through.
+    def parent_resource
+      parent_name && fetch_parent(parent_name)
+    end
+
+    def fetch_parent(name)
+      if @controller.instance_variable_defined? "@#{name}"
+        @controller.instance_variable_get("@#{name}")
+      elsif @controller.respond_to?(name, true)
+        @controller.send(name)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def current_ability
+      @controller.send(:current_ability)
+    end
+
+    def name
+      @name || name_from_controller
+    end
+
+    def resource_params
+      if @options[:class]
+        params_key = extract_key(@options[:class])
+        return @params[params_key] if @params[params_key]
+      end
+
+      resource_params_by_namespaced_name
+    end
+
+    def resource_params_by_namespaced_name
+      @params[extract_key(namespaced_name)]
+    end
+
+    def namespace
+      @params[:controller].split(/::|\//)[0..-2]
+    end
+
+    def namespaced_name
+      [namespace, name.camelize].join('::').singularize.camelize.constantize
+    rescue NameError
+      name
+    end
+
+    def name_from_controller
+      @params[:controller].sub("Controller", "").underscore.split('/').last.singularize
+    end
+
+    def instance_name
+      @options[:instance_name] || name
+    end
+
+    def collection_actions
+      [:index] + [@options[:collection]].flatten
+    end
+
+    def new_actions
+      [:new, :create] + [@options[:new]].flatten
+    end
+
+    def update_actions
+      [:update] #TODO: check what @options is for
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def extract_key(value)
+       value.to_s.underscore.gsub('/', '_')
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/cancan/exceptions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+module CanCan
+  # A general CanCan exception
+  class Error < StandardError; end
+
+  # Raised when behavior is not implemented, usually used in an abstract class.
+  class NotImplemented < Error; end
+
+  # Raised when removed code is called, an alternative solution is provided in message.
+  class ImplementationRemoved < Error; end
+
+  # Raised when using check_authorization without calling authorized!
+  class AuthorizationNotPerformed < Error; end
+
+  # This error is raised when a user isn't allowed to access a given controller action.
+  # This usually happens within a call to ControllerAdditions#authorize! but can be
+  # raised manually.
+  #
+  #   raise CanCan::AccessDenied.new("Not authorized!", :read, Article)
+  #
+  # The passed message, action, and subject are optional and can later be retrieved when
+  # rescuing from the exception.
+  #
+  #   exception.message # => "Not authorized!"
+  #   exception.action # => :read
+  #   exception.subject # => Article
+  #
+  # If the message is not specified (or is nil) it will default to "You are not authorized
+  # to access this page." This default can be overridden by setting default_message.
+  #
+  #   exception.default_message = "Default error message"
+  #   exception.message # => "Default error message"
+  #
+  # See ControllerAdditions#authorized! for more information on rescuing from this exception
+  # and customizing the message using I18n.
+  class AccessDenied < Error
+    attr_reader :action, :subject
+    attr_writer :default_message
+
+    def initialize(message = nil, action = nil, subject = nil)
+      @message = message
+      @action = action
+      @subject = subject
+      @default_message = I18n.t(:"unauthorized.default", :default => "You are not authorized to access this page.")
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      @message || @default_message
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/cancan/inherited_resource.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+module CanCan
+  # For use with Inherited Resources
+  class InheritedResource < ControllerResource # :nodoc:
+    def load_resource_instance
+      if parent?
+        @controller.send :association_chain
+        @controller.instance_variable_get("@#{instance_name}")
+      elsif new_actions.include? @params[:action].to_sym
+        resource = @controller.send :build_resource
+        assign_attributes(resource)
+      else
+        @controller.send :resource
+      end
+    end
+
+    def resource_base
+      @controller.send :end_of_association_chain
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/cancan/matchers.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+rspec_module = defined?(RSpec::Core) ? 'RSpec' : 'Spec'  # for RSpec 1 compatability
+Kernel.const_get(rspec_module)::Matchers.define :be_able_to do |*args|
+  match do |ability|
+    ability.can?(*args)
+  end
+
+  failure_message_for_should do |ability|
+    "expected to be able to #{args.map(&:inspect).join(" ")}"
+  end
+
+  failure_message_for_should_not do |ability|
+    "expected not to be able to #{args.map(&:inspect).join(" ")}"
+  end
+end

lib/cancan/model_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+module CanCan
+  module ModelAdapters
+    class AbstractAdapter
+      def self.inherited(subclass)
+        @subclasses ||= []
+        @subclasses << subclass
+      end
+
+      def self.adapter_class(model_class)
+        @subclasses.detect { |subclass| subclass.for_class?(model_class) } || DefaultAdapter
+      end
+
+      # Used to determine if the given adapter should be used for the passed in class.
+      def self.for_class?(member_class)
+        false # override in subclass
+      end
+
+      # Override if you need custom find behavior
+      def self.find(model_class, id)
+        model_class.find(id)
+      end
+
+      # Used to determine if this model adapter will override the matching behavior for a hash of conditions.
+      # If this returns true then matches_conditions_hash? will be called. See Rule#matches_conditions_hash
+      def self.override_conditions_hash_matching?(subject, conditions)
+        false
+      end
+
+      # Override if override_conditions_hash_matching? returns true
+      def self.matches_conditions_hash?(subject, conditions)
+        raise NotImplemented, "This model adapter does not support matching on a conditions hash."
+      end
+
+      # Used to determine if this model adapter will override the matching behavior for a specific condition.
+      # If this returns true then matches_condition? will be called. See Rule#matches_conditions_hash
+      def self.override_condition_matching?(subject, name, value)
+        false
+      end
+
+      # Override if override_condition_matching? returns true
+      def self.matches_condition?(subject, name, value)
+        raise NotImplemented, "This model adapter does not support matching on a specific condition."
+      end
+
+      def initialize(model_class, rules)
+        @model_class = model_class
+        @rules = rules
+      end
+
+      def database_records
+        # This should be overridden in a subclass to return records which match @rules
+        raise NotImplemented, "This model adapter does not support fetching records from the database."
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/cancan/model_adapters/active_record_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+module CanCan
+  module ModelAdapters
+    class ActiveRecordAdapter < AbstractAdapter
+      def self.for_class?(model_class)
+        model_class <= ActiveRecord::Base
+      end
+
+      def self.override_condition_matching?(subject, name, value)
+        name.kind_of?(MetaWhere::Column) if defined? MetaWhere
+      end
+
+      def self.matches_condition?(subject, name, value)
+        subject_value = subject.send(name.column)
+        if name.method.to_s.ends_with? "_any"
+          value.any? { |v| meta_where_match? subject_value, name.method.to_s.sub("_any", ""), v }
+        elsif name.method.to_s.ends_with? "_all"
+          value.all? { |v| meta_where_match? subject_value, name.method.to_s.sub("_all", ""), v }
+        else
+          meta_where_match? subject_value, name.method, value
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.meta_where_match?(subject_value, method, value)
+        case method.to_sym
+        when :eq      then subject_value == value
+        when :not_eq  then subject_value != value
+        when :in      then value.include?(subject_value)
+        when :not_in  then !value.include?(subject_value)
+        when :lt      then subject_value < value
+        when :lteq    then subject_value <= value
+        when :gt      then subject_value > value
+        when :gteq    then subject_value >= value
+        when :matches then subject_value =~ Regexp.new("^" + Regexp.escape(value).gsub("%", ".*") + "$", true)
+        when :does_not_match then !meta_where_match?(subject_value, :matches, value)
+        else raise NotImplemented, "The #{method} MetaWhere condition is not supported."
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns conditions intended to be used inside a database query. Normally you will not call this
+      # method directly, but instead go through ModelAdditions#accessible_by.
+      #
+      # If there is only one "can" definition, a hash of conditions will be returned matching the one defined.
+      #
+      #   can :manage, User, :id => 1
+      #   query(:manage, User).conditions # => { :id => 1 }
+      #
+      # If there are multiple "can" definitions, a SQL string will be returned to handle complex cases.
+      #
+      #   can :manage, User, :id => 1
+      #   can :manage, User, :manager_id => 1
+      #   cannot :manage, User, :self_managed => true
+      #   query(:manage, User).conditions # => "not (self_managed = 't') AND ((manager_id = 1) OR (id = 1))"
+      #
+      def conditions
+        if @rules.size == 1 && @rules.first.base_behavior
+          # Return the conditions directly if there's just one definition
+          tableized_conditions(@rules.first.conditions).dup
+        else
+          @rules.reverse.inject(false_sql) do |sql, rule|
+            merge_conditions(sql, tableized_conditions(rule.conditions).dup, rule.base_behavior)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def tableized_conditions(conditions, model_class = @model_class)
+        return conditions unless conditions.kind_of? Hash
+        conditions.inject({}) do |result_hash, (name, value)|
+          if value.kind_of? Hash
+            value = value.dup
+            association_class = model_class.reflect_on_association(name).class_name.constantize
+            nested = value.inject({}) do |nested,(k,v)|
+              if v.kind_of? Hash
+                value.delete(k)
+                nested[k] = v
+              else
+                name = model_class.reflect_on_association(name).table_name.to_sym
+                result_hash[name] = value
+              end
+              nested
+            end
+            result_hash.merge!(tableized_conditions(nested,association_class))
+          else
+            result_hash[name] = value
+          end
+          result_hash
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns the associations used in conditions for the :joins option of a search.
+      # See ModelAdditions#accessible_by
+      def joins
+        joins_hash = {}
+        @rules.each do |rule|
+          merge_joins(joins_hash, rule.associations_hash)
+        end
+        clean_joins(joins_hash) unless joins_hash.empty?
+      end
+
+      def database_records
+        if override_scope
+          @model_class.scoped.merge(override_scope)
+        elsif @model_class.respond_to?(:where) && @model_class.respond_to?(:joins)
+          mergeable_conditions = @rules.select {|rule| rule.unmergeable? }.blank?
+          if mergeable_conditions
+            @model_class.where(conditions).joins(joins)
+          else
+            @model_class.where(*(@rules.map(&:conditions))).joins(joins)
+          end
+        else
+          @model_class.scoped(:conditions => conditions, :joins => joins)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def override_scope
+        conditions = @rules.map(&:conditions).compact
+        if defined?(ActiveRecord::Relation) && conditions.any? { |c| c.kind_of?(ActiveRecord::Relation) }
+          if conditions.size == 1
+            conditions.first
+          else
+            rule = @rules.detect { |rule| rule.conditions.kind_of?(ActiveRecord::Relation) }
+            raise Error, "Unable to merge an Active Record scope with other conditions. Instead use a hash or SQL for #{rule.actions.first} #{rule.subjects.first} ability."
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def merge_conditions(sql, conditions_hash, behavior)
+        if conditions_hash.blank?
+          behavior ? true_sql : false_sql
+        else
+          conditions = sanitize_sql(conditions_hash)
+          case sql
+          when true_sql
+            behavior ? true_sql : "not (#{conditions})"
+          when false_sql
+            behavior ? conditions : false_sql
+          else
+            behavior ? "(#{conditions}) OR (#{sql})" : "not (#{conditions}) AND (#{sql})"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def false_sql
+        sanitize_sql(['?=?', true, false])
+      end
+
+      def true_sql
+        sanitize_sql(['?=?', true, true])
+      end
+
+      def sanitize_sql(conditions)
+        @model_class.send(:sanitize_sql, conditions)
+      end
+
+      # Takes two hashes and does a deep merge.
+      def merge_joins(base, add)
+        add.each do |name, nested|
+          if base[name].is_a?(Hash)
+            merge_joins(base[name], nested) unless nested.empty?
+          else
+            base[name] = nested
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Removes empty hashes and moves everything into arrays.
+      def clean_joins(joins_hash)
+        joins = []
+        joins_hash.each do |name, nested|
+          joins << (nested.empty? ? name : {name => clean_joins(nested)})
+        end
+        joins
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+ActiveRecord::Base.class_eval do
+  include CanCan::ModelAdditions
+end

lib/cancan/model_adapters/data_mapper_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+module CanCan
+  module ModelAdapters
+    class DataMapperAdapter < AbstractAdapter
+      def self.for_class?(model_class)
+        model_class <= DataMapper::Resource
+      end
+
+      def self.find(model_class, id)
+        model_class.get(id)
+      end
+
+      def self.override_conditions_hash_matching?(subject, conditions)
+        conditions.any? { |k,v| !k.kind_of?(Symbol) }
+      end
+
+      def self.matches_conditions_hash?(subject, conditions)
+        collection = DataMapper::Collection.new(subject.query, [ subject ])
+        !!collection.first(conditions)
+      end
+
+      def database_records
+        scope = @model_class.all(:conditions => ["0 = 1"])
+        cans, cannots = @rules.partition { |r| r.base_behavior }
+        return scope if cans.empty?
+        # apply unions first, then differences. this mean cannot overrides can
+        cans.each    { |r| scope += @model_class.all(:conditions => r.conditions) }
+        cannots.each { |r| scope -= @model_class.all(:conditions => r.conditions) }
+        scope
+      end
+    end # class DataMapper
+  end # module ModelAdapters
+end # module CanCan
+
+DataMapper::Model.append_extensions(CanCan::ModelAdditions::ClassMethods)

lib/cancan/model_adapters/default_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+module CanCan
+  module ModelAdapters
+    class DefaultAdapter < AbstractAdapter
+      # This adapter is used when no matching adapter is found
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/cancan/model_adapters/mongoid_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+module CanCan
+  module ModelAdapters
+    class MongoidAdapter < AbstractAdapter
+      def self.for_class?(model_class)
+        model_class <= Mongoid::Document
+      end
+
+      def self.override_conditions_hash_matching?(subject, conditions)
+        conditions.any? do |k,v|
+          key_is_not_symbol = lambda { !k.kind_of?(Symbol) }
+          subject_value_is_array = lambda do
+            subject.respond_to?(k) && subject.send(k).is_a?(Array)
+          end
+
+          key_is_not_symbol.call || subject_value_is_array.call
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.matches_conditions_hash?(subject, conditions)
+        # To avoid hitting the db, retrieve the raw Mongo selector from
+        # the Mongoid Criteria and use Mongoid::Matchers#matches?
+        subject.matches?( subject.class.where(conditions).selector )
+      end
+
+      def database_records
+        if @rules.size == 0
+          @model_class.where(:_id => {'$exists' => false, '$type' => 7}) # return no records in Mongoid
+        elsif @rules.size == 1 && @rules[0].conditions.is_a?(Mongoid::Criteria)
+          @rules[0].conditions
+        else
+          # we only need to process can rules if
+          # there are no rules with empty conditions
+          rules = @rules.reject { |rule| rule.conditions.empty? && rule.base_behavior }
+          process_can_rules = @rules.count == rules.count
+
+          rules.inject(@model_class.all) do |records, rule|
+            if process_can_rules && rule.base_behavior
+              records.or rule.conditions
+            elsif !rule.base_behavior
+              records.excludes rule.conditions
+            else
+              records
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# simplest way to add `accessible_by` to all Mongoid Documents
+module Mongoid::Document::ClassMethods
+  include CanCan::ModelAdditions::ClassMethods
+end

lib/cancan/model_additions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+module CanCan
+
+  # This module adds the accessible_by class method to a model. It is included in the model adapters.
+  module ModelAdditions
+    module ClassMethods
+      # Returns a scope which fetches only the records that the passed ability
+      # can perform a given action on. The action defaults to :index. This
+      # is usually called from a controller and passed the +current_ability+.
+      #
+      #   @articles = Article.accessible_by(current_ability)
+      #
+      # Here only the articles which the user is able to read will be returned.
+      # If the user does not have permission to read any articles then an empty
+      # result is returned. Since this is a scope it can be combined with any
+      # other scopes or pagination.
+      #
+      # An alternative action can optionally be passed as a second argument.
+      #
+      #   @articles = Article.accessible_by(current_ability, :update)
+      #
+      # Here only the articles which the user can update are returned.
+      def accessible_by(ability, action = :index)
+        ability.model_adapter(self, action).database_records
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.included(base)
+      base.extend ClassMethods
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/cancan/rule.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+module CanCan
+  # This class is used internally and should only be called through Ability.
+  # it holds the information about a "can" call made on Ability and provides
+  # helpful methods to determine permission checking and conditions hash generation.
+  class Rule # :nodoc:
+    attr_reader :base_behavior, :subjects, :actions, :conditions
+    attr_writer :expanded_actions
+
+    # The first argument when initializing is the base_behavior which is a true/false
+    # value. True for "can" and false for "cannot". The next two arguments are the action
+    # and subject respectively (such as :read, @project). The third argument is a hash
+    # of conditions and the last one is the block passed to the "can" call.
+    def initialize(base_behavior, action, subject, conditions, block)
+      raise Error, "You are not able to supply a block with a hash of conditions in #{action} #{subject} ability. Use either one." if conditions.kind_of?(Hash) && !block.nil?
+      @match_all = action.nil? && subject.nil?
+      @base_behavior = base_behavior
+      @actions = [action].flatten
+      @subjects = [subject].flatten
+      @conditions = conditions || {}
+      @block = block
+    end
+
+    # Matches both the subject and action, not necessarily the conditions
+    def relevant?(action, subject)
+      subject = subject.values.first if subject.class == Hash
+      @match_all || (matches_action?(action) && matches_subject?(subject))
+    end
+
+    # Matches the block or conditions hash
+    def matches_conditions?(action, subject, extra_args)
+      if @match_all
+        call_block_with_all(action, subject, extra_args)
+      elsif @block && !subject_class?(subject)
+        @block.call(subject, *extra_args)
+      elsif @conditions.kind_of?(Hash) && subject.class == Hash
+        nested_subject_matches_conditions?(subject)
+      elsif @conditions.kind_of?(Hash) && !subject_class?(subject)
+        matches_conditions_hash?(subject)
+      else
+        # Don't stop at "cannot" definitions when there are conditions.
+        @conditions.empty? ? true : @base_behavior
+      end
+    end
+
+    def only_block?
+      conditions_empty? && !@block.nil?
+    end
+
+    def only_raw_sql?
+      @block.nil? && !conditions_empty? && !@conditions.kind_of?(Hash)
+    end
+
+    def conditions_empty?
+      @conditions == {} || @conditions.nil?
+    end
+
+    def unmergeable?
+      @conditions.respond_to?(:keys) && @conditions.present? &&
+        (!@conditions.keys.first.kind_of? Symbol)
+    end
+
+    def associations_hash(conditions = @conditions)
+      hash = {}
+      conditions.map do |name, value|
+        hash[name] = associations_hash(value) if value.kind_of? Hash
+      end if conditions.kind_of? Hash
+      hash
+    end
+
+    def attributes_from_conditions
+      attributes = {}
+      @conditions.each do |key, value|
+        attributes[key] = value unless [Array, Range, Hash].include? value.class
+      end if @conditions.kind_of? Hash
+      attributes
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def subject_class?(subject)
+      klass = (subject.kind_of?(Hash) ? subject.values.first : subject).class
+      klass == Class || klass == Module
+    end
+
+    def matches_action?(action)
+      @expanded_actions.include?(:manage) || @expanded_actions.include?(action)
+    end
+
+    def matches_subject?(subject)
+      @subjects.include?(:all) || @subjects.include?(subject) || matches_subject_class?(subject)
+    end
+
+    def matches_subject_class?(subject)
+      @subjects.any? { |sub| sub.kind_of?(Module) && (subject.kind_of?(sub) || subject.class.to_s == sub.to_s || subject.kind_of?(Module) && subject.ancestors.include?(sub)) }
+    end
+
+    # Checks if the given subject matches the given conditions hash.
+    # This behavior can be overriden by a model adapter by defining two class methods:
+    # override_matching_for_conditions?(subject, conditions) and
+    # matches_conditions_hash?(subject, conditions)
+    def matches_conditions_hash?(subject, conditions = @conditions)
+      if conditions.empty?
+        true
+      else
+        if model_adapter(subject).override_conditions_hash_matching? subject, conditions
+          model_adapter(subject).matches_conditions_hash? subject, conditions
+        else
+          conditions.all? do |name, value|
+            if model_adapter(subject).override_condition_matching? subject, name, value
+              model_adapter(subject).matches_condition? subject, name, value
+            else
+              attribute = subject.send(name)
+              if value.kind_of?(Hash)
+                if attribute.kind_of? Array
+                  attribute.any? { |element| matches_conditions_hash? element, value }
+                else
+                  !attribute.nil? && matches_conditions_hash?(attribute, value)
+                end
+              elsif !value.is_a?(String) && value.kind_of?(Enumerable)
+                value.include? attribute
+              else
+                attribute == value
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def nested_subject_matches_conditions?(subject_hash)
+      parent, child = subject_hash.first
+      matches_conditions_hash?(parent, @conditions[parent.class.name.downcase.to_sym] || {})
+    end
+
+    def call_block_with_all(action, subject, extra_args)
+      if subject.class == Class
+        @block.call(action, subject, nil, *extra_args)
+      else
+        @block.call(action, subject.class, subject, *extra_args)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def model_adapter(subject)
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::AbstractAdapter.adapter_class(subject_class?(subject) ? subject : subject.class)
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/generators/cancan/ability/USAGE

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Description:
+  The cancan:ability generator creates an Ability class in the models
+  directory. You can move this file anywhere you want as long as it
+  is in the load path.

lib/generators/cancan/ability/ability_generator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module Cancan
+  module Generators
+    class AbilityGenerator < Rails::Generators::Base
+      source_root File.expand_path('../templates', __FILE__)
+
+      def generate_ability
+        copy_file "ability.rb", "app/models/ability.rb"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/generators/cancan/ability/templates/ability.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+class Ability
+  include CanCan::Ability
+
+  def initialize(user)
+    # Define abilities for the passed in user here. For example:
+    #
+    #   user ||= User.new # guest user (not logged in)
+    #   if user.admin?
+    #     can :manage, :all
+    #   else
+    #     can :read, :all
+    #   end
+    #
+    # The first argument to `can` is the action you are giving the user 
+    # permission to do.
+    # If you pass :manage it will apply to every action. Other common actions
+    # here are :read, :create, :update and :destroy.
+    #
+    # The second argument is the resource the user can perform the action on. 
+    # If you pass :all it will apply to every resource. Otherwise pass a Ruby
+    # class of the resource.
+    #
+    # The third argument is an optional hash of conditions to further filter the
+    # objects.
+    # For example, here the user can only update published articles.
+    #
+    #   can :update, Article, :published => true
+    #
+    # See the wiki for details:
+    # https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/Defining-Abilities
+  end
+end

spec/README.rdoc

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+= CanCan Specs
+
+== Running the specs
+
+To run the specs first run the +bundle+ command to install the necessary gems and the +rake+ command to run the specs.
+
+  bundle
+  rake
+
+The specs currently require Ruby 1.8.7. Ruby 1.9.2 support will be coming soon.
+
+
+== Model Adapters
+
+CanCan offers separate specs for different model adapters (such as Mongoid and Data Mapper). By default it will use Active Record but you can change this by setting the +MODEL_ADAPTER+ environment variable before running. You can run the +bundle+ command with this as well to ensure you have the installed gems.
+
+  MODEL_ADAPTER=data_mapper bundle
+  MODEL_ADAPTER=data_mapper rake
+
+The different model adapters you can specify are:
+
+* active_record (default)
+* data_mapper
+* mongoid
+
+You can also run the +spec_all+ rake task to run specs for each adapter.
+
+  rake spec_all

spec/cancan/ability_spec.rb

@@ -1,84 +1,458 @@
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../spec_helper'
+require "spec_helper"
 
 describe CanCan::Ability do
   before(:each) do
-    @ability_class = Class.new
-    @ability_class.send(:include, CanCan::Ability)
-    @ability = @ability_class.new
+    @ability = Object.new
+    @ability.extend(CanCan::Ability)
   end
-  
+
   it "should be able to :read anything" do
     @ability.can :read, :all
     @ability.can?(:read, String).should be_true
     @ability.can?(:read, 123).should be_true
   end
-  
+
   it "should not have permission to do something it doesn't know about" do
     @ability.can?(:foodfight, String).should be_false
   end
-  
-  it "should return what block returns on a can call" do
+
+  it "should pass true to `can?` when non false/nil is returned in block" do
     @ability.can :read, :all
     @ability.can :read, Symbol do |sym|
-      sym
+      "foo" # TODO test that sym is nil when no instance is passed
     end
-    @ability.can?(:read, Symbol).should be_nil
-    @ability.can?(:read, :some_symbol).should == :some_symbol
+    @ability.can?(:read, :some_symbol).should == true
   end
-  
-  it "should pass class with object if :all objects are accepted" do
-    @ability.can :preview, :all do |object_class, object|
-      [object_class, object]
+
+  it "should pass nil to a block when no instance is passed" do
+    @ability.can :read, Symbol do |sym|
+      sym.should be_nil
+      true
     end
-    @ability.can?(:preview, 123).should == [Fixnum, 123]
+    @ability.can?(:read, Symbol).should be_true
   end
-  
-  it "should pass class with no object if :all objects are accepted and class is passed directly" do
-    @ability.can :preview, :all do |object_class, object|
-      [object_class, object]
+
+  it "should pass to previous rule, if block returns false or nil" do
+    @ability.can :read, Symbol
+    @ability.can :read, Integer do |i|
+      i < 5
     end
-    @ability.can?(:preview, Hash).should == [Hash, nil]
-  end
-  
-  it "should pass action and object for global manage actions" do
-    @ability.can :manage, Array do |action, object|
-      [action, object]
+    @ability.can :read, Integer do |i|
+      i > 10
     end
-    @ability.can?(:stuff, [1, 2]).should == [:stuff, [1, 2]]
-    @ability.can?(:stuff, Array).should == [:stuff, nil]
+    @ability.can?(:read, Symbol).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 11).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 6).should be_false
   end
-  
+
+  it "should not pass class with object if :all objects are accepted" do
+    @ability.can :preview, :all do |object|
+      object.should == 123
+      @block_called = true
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:preview, 123)
+    @block_called.should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should not call block when only class is passed, only return true" do
+    @block_called = false
+    @ability.can :preview, :all do |object|
+      @block_called = true
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:preview, Hash).should be_true
+    @block_called.should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should pass only object for global manage actions" do
+    @ability.can :manage, String do |object|
+      object.should == "foo"
+      @block_called = true
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:stuff, "foo").should
+    @block_called.should be_true
+  end
+
   it "should alias update or destroy actions to modify action" do
     @ability.alias_action :update, :destroy, :to => :modify
-    @ability.can :modify, :all do |object_class, object|
-      :modify_called
-    end
-    @ability.can?(:update, 123).should == :modify_called
-    @ability.can?(:destroy, 123).should == :modify_called
+    @ability.can :modify, :all
+    @ability.can?(:update, 123).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:destroy, 123).should be_true
   end
-  
-  it "should return block result for action, object_class, and object for any action" do
-    @ability.can :manage, :all do |action, object_class, object|
-      [action, object_class, object]
-    end
-    @ability.can?(:foo, 123).should == [:foo, Fixnum, 123]
-    @ability.can?(:bar, Fixnum).should == [:bar, Fixnum, nil]
+
+  it "should allow deeply nested aliased actions" do
+    @ability.alias_action :increment, :to => :sort
+    @ability.alias_action :sort, :to => :modify
+    @ability.can :modify, :all
+    @ability.can?(:increment, 123).should be_true
   end
-  
+
+  it "should raise an Error if alias target is an exist action" do
+    lambda{ @ability.alias_action :show, :to => :show }.should raise_error(CanCan::Error, "You can't specify target (show) as alias because it is real action name")
+  end
+
+  it "should always call block with arguments when passing no arguments to can" do
+    @ability.can do |action, object_class, object|
+      action.should == :foo
+      object_class.should == 123.class
+      object.should == 123
+      @block_called = true
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:foo, 123)
+    @block_called.should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should pass nil to object when comparing class with can check" do
+    @ability.can do |action, object_class, object|
+      action.should == :foo
+      object_class.should == Hash
+      object.should be_nil
+      @block_called = true
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:foo, Hash)
+    @block_called.should be_true
+  end
+
   it "should automatically alias index and show into read calls" do
     @ability.can :read, :all
     @ability.can?(:index, 123).should be_true
     @ability.can?(:show, 123).should be_true
   end
-  
+
   it "should automatically alias new and edit into create and update respectively" do
-    @ability.can(:create, :all) { :create_called }
-    @ability.can(:update, :all) { :update_called }
-    @ability.can?(:new, 123).should == :create_called
-    @ability.can?(:edit, 123).should == :update_called
+    @ability.can :create, :all
+    @ability.can :update, :all
+    @ability.can?(:new, 123).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:edit, 123).should be_true
   end
-  
-  it "should respond to prepare" do
-    @ability.should respond_to(:prepare)
+
+  it "should not respond to prepare (now using initialize)" do
+    @ability.should_not respond_to(:prepare)
+  end
+
+  it "should offer cannot? method which is simply invert of can?" do
+    @ability.cannot?(:tie, String).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should be able to specify multiple actions and match any" do
+    @ability.can [:read, :update], :all
+    @ability.can?(:read, 123).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:update, 123).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:count, 123).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should be able to specify multiple classes and match any" do
+    @ability.can :update, [String, Range]
+    @ability.can?(:update, "foo").should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:update, 1..3).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:update, 123).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should support custom objects in the rule" do
+    @ability.can :read, :stats
+    @ability.can?(:read, :stats).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:update, :stats).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, :nonstats).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should check ancestors of class" do
+    @ability.can :read, Numeric
+    @ability.can?(:read, Integer).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1.23).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foo").should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should support 'cannot' method to define what user cannot do" do
+    @ability.can :read, :all
+    @ability.cannot :read, Integer
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foo").should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 123).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should pass to previous rule, if block returns false or nil" do
+    @ability.can :read, :all
+    @ability.cannot :read, Integer do |int|
+      int > 10 ? nil : ( int > 5 )
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foo").should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 3).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 8).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 123).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should always return `false` for single cannot definition" do
+    @ability.cannot :read, Integer do |int|
+      int > 10 ? nil : ( int > 5 )
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foo").should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 3).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 8).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 123).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should pass to previous cannot definition, if block returns false or nil" do
+    @ability.cannot :read, :all
+    @ability.can :read, Integer do |int|
+      int > 10 ? nil : ( int > 5 )
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foo").should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 3).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 10).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 123).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should append aliased actions" do
+    @ability.alias_action :update, :to => :modify
+    @ability.alias_action :destroy, :to => :modify
+    @ability.aliased_actions[:modify].should == [:update, :destroy]
+  end
+
+  it "should clear aliased actions" do
+    @ability.alias_action :update, :to => :modify
+    @ability.clear_aliased_actions
+    @ability.aliased_actions[:modify].should be_nil
+  end
+
+  it "should pass additional arguments to block from can?" do
+    @ability.can :read, Integer do |int, x|
+      int > x
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:read, 2, 1).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 2, 3).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should use conditions as third parameter and determine abilities from it" do
+    @ability.can :read, Range, :begin => 1, :end => 3
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1..3).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1..4).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, Range).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should allow an array of options in conditions hash" do
+    @ability.can :read, Range, :begin => [1, 3, 5]
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1..3).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 2..4).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 3..5).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should allow a range of options in conditions hash" do
+    @ability.can :read, Range, :begin => 1..3
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1..10).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 3..30).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 4..40).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should allow nested hashes in conditions hash" do
+    @ability.can :read, Range, :begin => { :to_i => 5 }
+    @ability.can?(:read, 5..7).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 6..8).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should match any element passed in to nesting if it's an array (for has_many associations)" do
+    @ability.can :read, Range, :to_a => { :to_i => 3 }
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1..5).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 4..6).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should accept a set as a condition value" do
+    mock(object_with_foo_2 = Object.new).foo { 2 }
+    mock(object_with_foo_3 = Object.new).foo { 3 }
+    @ability.can :read, Object, :foo => [1, 2, 5].to_set
+    @ability.can?(:read, object_with_foo_2).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, object_with_foo_3).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should not match subjects return nil for methods that must match nested a nested conditions hash" do
+    mock(object_with_foo = Object.new).foo { :bar }
+    @ability.can :read, Array, :first => { :foo => :bar }
+    @ability.can?(:read, [object_with_foo]).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, []).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should match strings but not substrings specified in a conditions hash" do
+    @ability.can :read, String, :presence => "declassified"
+    @ability.can?(:read, "declassified").should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, "classified").should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should not stop at cannot definition when comparing class" do
+    @ability.can :read, Range
+    @ability.cannot :read, Range, :begin => 1
+    @ability.can?(:read, 2..5).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1..5).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, Range).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should stop at cannot definition when no hash is present" do
+    @ability.can :read, :all
+    @ability.cannot :read, Range
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1..5).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, Range).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should allow to check ability for Module" do
+    module B; end
+    class A; include B; end
+    @ability.can :read, B
+    @ability.can?(:read, A).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, A.new).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should pass nil to a block for ability on Module when no instance is passed" do
+    module B; end
+    class A; include B; end
+    @ability.can :read, B do |sym|
+      sym.should be_nil
+      true
+    end
+    @ability.can?(:read, B).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, A).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "passing a hash of subjects should check permissions through association" do
+    @ability.can :read, Range, :string => {:length => 3}
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foo" => Range).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foobar" => Range).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 123 => Range).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "passing a hash of subjects with multiple definitions should check permissions correctly" do
+    @ability.can :read, Range, :string => {:length => 4}
+    @ability.can [:create, :read], Range, :string => {:upcase => 'FOO'}
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foo" => Range).should be_true
+    @ability.can?(:read, "foobar" => Range).should be_false
+    @ability.can?(:read, 1234 => Range).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should allow to check ability on Hash-like object" do
+    class Container < Hash; end
+    @ability.can :read, Container
+    @ability.can?(:read, Container.new).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should have initial attributes based on hash conditions of 'new' action" do
+    @ability.can :manage, Range, :foo => "foo", :hash => {:skip => "hashes"}
+    @ability.can :create, Range, :bar => 123, :array => %w[skip arrays]
+    @ability.can :new, Range, :baz => "baz", :range => 1..3
+    @ability.cannot :new, Range, :ignore => "me"
+    @ability.attributes_for(:new, Range).should == {:foo => "foo", :bar => 123, :baz => "baz"}
+  end
+
+  it "should raise access denied exception if ability us unauthorized to perform a certain action" do
+    begin
+      @ability.authorize! :read, :foo, 1, 2, 3, :message => "Access denied!"
+    rescue CanCan::AccessDenied => e
+      e.message.should == "Access denied!"
+      e.action.should == :read
+      e.subject.should == :foo
+    else
+      fail "Expected CanCan::AccessDenied exception to be raised"
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise access denied exception if ability is authorized to perform an action and return subject" do
+    @ability.can :read, :foo
+    lambda {
+      @ability.authorize!(:read, :foo).should == :foo
+    }.should_not raise_error
+  end
+
+  it "should know when block is used in conditions" do
+    @ability.can :read, :foo
+    @ability.should_not have_block(:read, :foo)
+    @ability.can :read, :foo do |foo|
+      false
+    end
+    @ability.should have_block(:read, :foo)
+  end
+
+  it "should know when raw sql is used in conditions" do
+    @ability.can :read, :foo
+    @ability.should_not have_raw_sql(:read, :foo)
+    @ability.can :read, :foo, 'false'
+    @ability.should have_raw_sql(:read, :foo)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise access denied exception with default message if not specified" do
+    begin
+      @ability.authorize! :read, :foo
+    rescue CanCan::AccessDenied => e
+      e.default_message = "Access denied!"
+      e.message.should == "Access denied!"
+    else
+      fail "Expected CanCan::AccessDenied exception to be raised"
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should determine model adapter class by asking AbstractAdapter" do
+    model_class = Object.new
+    adapter_class = Object.new
+    stub(CanCan::ModelAdapters::AbstractAdapter).adapter_class(model_class) { adapter_class }
+    stub(adapter_class).new(model_class, []) { :adapter_instance }
+    @ability.model_adapter(model_class, :read).should == :adapter_instance
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error when attempting to use a block with a hash condition since it's not likely what they want" do
+    lambda {
+      @ability.can :read, Array, :published => true do
+        false
+      end
+    }.should raise_error(CanCan::Error, "You are not able to supply a block with a hash of conditions in read Array ability. Use either one.")
+  end
+
+  describe "unauthorized message" do
+    after(:each) do
+      I18n.backend = nil
+    end
+
+    it "should use action/subject in i18n" do
+      I18n.backend.store_translations :en, :unauthorized => {:update => {:array => "foo"}}
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:update, Array).should == "foo"
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:update, [1, 2, 3]).should == "foo"
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:update, :missing).should be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should use symbol as subject directly" do
+      I18n.backend.store_translations :en, :unauthorized => {:has => {:cheezburger => "Nom nom nom. I eated it."}}
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:has, :cheezburger).should == "Nom nom nom. I eated it."
+    end
+
+    it "should fall back to 'manage' and 'all'" do
+      I18n.backend.store_translations :en, :unauthorized => {
+        :manage => {:all => "manage all", :array => "manage array"},
+        :update => {:all => "update all", :array => "update array"}
+      }
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:update, Array).should == "update array"
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:update, Hash).should == "update all"
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:foo, Array).should == "manage array"
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:foo, Hash).should == "manage all"
+    end
+
+    it "should follow aliased actions" do
+      I18n.backend.store_translations :en, :unauthorized => {:modify => {:array => "modify array"}}
+      @ability.alias_action :update, :to => :modify
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:update, Array).should == "modify array"
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:edit, Array).should == "modify array"
+    end
+
+    it "should have variables for action and subject" do
+      I18n.backend.store_translations :en, :unauthorized => {:manage => {:all => "%{action} %{subject}"}} # old syntax for now in case testing with old I18n
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:update, Array).should == "update array"
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:update, ArgumentError).should == "update argument error"
+      @ability.unauthorized_message(:edit, 1..3).should == "edit range"
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#merge" do
+    it "should add the rules from the given ability" do
+      @ability.can :use, :tools
+      another_ability = Object.new
+      another_ability.extend(CanCan::Ability)
+      another_ability.can :use, :search
+
+      @ability.merge(another_ability)
+      @ability.can?(:use, :search).should be_true
+      @ability.send(:rules).size.should == 2
+    end
   end
 end

spec/cancan/controller_additions_spec.rb

@@ -1,81 +1,137 @@
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../spec_helper'
-
-class Ability
-  include CanCan::Ability
-end
+require "spec_helper"
 
 describe CanCan::ControllerAdditions do
   before(:each) do
     @controller_class = Class.new
     @controller = @controller_class.new
-    mock(@controller_class).helper_method(:can?)
+    stub(@controller).params { {} }
+    stub(@controller).current_user { :current_user }
+    mock(@controller_class).helper_method(:can?, :cannot?, :current_ability)
     @controller_class.send(:include, CanCan::ControllerAdditions)
   end
-  
-  it "should read from the cache with request uri as key and render that text" do
-    lambda {
-      @controller.unauthorized!
-    }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+
+  it "should raise ImplementationRemoved when attempting to call 'unauthorized!' on a controller" do
+    lambda { @controller.unauthorized! }.should raise_error(CanCan::ImplementationRemoved)
   end
-  
+
+  it "authorize! should assign @_authorized instance variable and pass args to current ability" do
+    mock(@controller.current_ability).authorize!(:foo, :bar)
+    @controller.authorize!(:foo, :bar)
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@_authorized).should be_true
+  end
+
   it "should have a current_ability method which generates an ability for the current user" do
-    stub(@controller).current_user { :current_user }
     @controller.current_ability.should be_kind_of(Ability)
   end
-  
-  it "should provide a can? method which goes through the current ability" do
-    stub(@controller).current_user { :current_user }
+
+  it "should provide a can? and cannot? methods which go through the current ability" do
     @controller.current_ability.should be_kind_of(Ability)
     @controller.can?(:foo, :bar).should be_false
+    @controller.cannot?(:foo, :bar).should be_true
   end
-  
-  it "should load the resource if params[:id] is specified" do
-    stub(@controller).params { {:controller => "abilities", :action => "show", :id => 123} }
-    stub(Ability).find(123) { :some_resource }
-    @controller.load_resource
-    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@ability).should == :some_resource
+
+  it "load_and_authorize_resource should setup a before filter which passes call to ControllerResource" do
+    stub(CanCan::ControllerResource).new(@controller, nil, :foo => :bar).mock!.load_and_authorize_resource
+    mock(@controller_class).before_filter({}) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
+    @controller_class.load_and_authorize_resource :foo => :bar
   end
-  
-  it "should build a new resource with hash if params[:id] is not specified" do
-    stub(@controller).params { {:controller => "abilities", :action => "create", :ability => {:foo => "bar"}} }
-    stub(Ability).new(:foo => "bar") { :some_resource }
-    @controller.load_resource
-    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@ability).should == :some_resource
+
+  it "load_and_authorize_resource should properly pass first argument as the resource name" do
+    stub(CanCan::ControllerResource).new(@controller, :project, :foo => :bar).mock!.load_and_authorize_resource
+    mock(@controller_class).before_filter({}) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
+    @controller_class.load_and_authorize_resource :project, :foo => :bar
   end
-  
-  it "should build a new resource even if attribute hash isn't specified" do
-    stub(@controller).params { {:controller => "abilities", :action => "new"} }
-    stub(Ability).new(nil) { :some_resource }
-    @controller.load_resource
-    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@ability).should == :some_resource
+
+  it "load_and_authorize_resource with :prepend should prepend the before filter" do
+    mock(@controller_class).prepend_before_filter({})
+    @controller_class.load_and_authorize_resource :foo => :bar, :prepend => true
   end
-  
-  it "should not build a resource when on index action" do
-    stub(@controller).params { {:controller => "abilities", :action => "index"} }
-    @controller.load_resource
-    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@ability).should be_nil
+
+  it "authorize_resource should setup a before filter which passes call to ControllerResource" do
+    stub(CanCan::ControllerResource).new(@controller, nil, :foo => :bar).mock!.authorize_resource
+    mock(@controller_class).before_filter(:except => :show, :if => true) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
+    @controller_class.authorize_resource :foo => :bar, :except => :show, :if => true
   end
-  
-  it "should perform authorization using controller action and loaded model" do
-    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@ability, :some_resource)
-    stub(@controller).params { {:controller => "abilities", :action => "show"} }
-    stub(@controller).can?(:show, :some_resource) { false }
+
+  it "load_resource should setup a before filter which passes call to ControllerResource" do
+    stub(CanCan::ControllerResource).new(@controller, nil, :foo => :bar).mock!.load_resource
+    mock(@controller_class).before_filter(:only => [:show, :index], :unless => false) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
+    @controller_class.load_resource :foo => :bar, :only => [:show, :index], :unless => false
+  end
+
+  it "skip_authorization_check should set up a before filter which sets @_authorized to true" do
+    mock(@controller_class).before_filter(:filter_options) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
+    @controller_class.skip_authorization_check(:filter_options)
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@_authorized).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "check_authorization should trigger AuthorizationNotPerformed in after filter" do
+    mock(@controller_class).after_filter(:only => [:test]) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
     lambda {
-      @controller.authorize_resource
-    }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+      @controller_class.check_authorization(:only => [:test])
+    }.should raise_error(CanCan::AuthorizationNotPerformed)
   end
-  
-  it "should perform authorization using controller action and non loaded model" do
-    stub(@controller).params { {:controller => "abilities", :action => "show"} }
-    stub(@controller).can?(:show, Ability) { false }
+
+  it "check_authorization should not trigger AuthorizationNotPerformed when :if is false" do
+    stub(@controller).check_auth? { false }
+    mock(@controller_class).after_filter({}) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
     lambda {
-      @controller.authorize_resource
-    }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+      @controller_class.check_authorization(:if => :check_auth?)
+    }.should_not raise_error(CanCan::AuthorizationNotPerformed)
   end
-  
-  it "should load and authorize resource in one call" do
-    mock(@controller).load_resource
-    stub(@controller).authorize_resource
-    @controller.load_and_authorize_resource
+
+  it "check_authorization should not trigger AuthorizationNotPerformed when :unless is true" do
+    stub(@controller).engine_controller? { true }
+    mock(@controller_class).after_filter({}) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
+    lambda {
+      @controller_class.check_authorization(:unless => :engine_controller?)
+    }.should_not raise_error(CanCan::AuthorizationNotPerformed)
+  end
+
+  it "check_authorization should not raise error when @_authorized is set" do
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@_authorized, true)
+    mock(@controller_class).after_filter(:only => [:test]) { |options, block| block.call(@controller) }
+    lambda {
+      @controller_class.check_authorization(:only => [:test])
+    }.should_not raise_error(CanCan::AuthorizationNotPerformed)
+  end
+
+  it "cancan_resource_class should be ControllerResource by default" do
+    @controller.class.cancan_resource_class.should == CanCan::ControllerResource
+  end
+
+  it "cancan_resource_class should be InheritedResource when class includes InheritedResources::Actions" do
+    stub(@controller.class).ancestors { ["InheritedResources::Actions"] }
+    @controller.class.cancan_resource_class.should == CanCan::InheritedResource
+  end
+
+  it "cancan_skipper should be an empty hash with :authorize and :load options and remember changes" do
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper.should == {:authorize => {}, :load => {}}
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:load] = true
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:load].should == true
+  end
+
+  it "skip_authorize_resource should add itself to the cancan skipper with given model name and options" do
+    @controller_class.skip_authorize_resource(:project, :only => [:index, :show])
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:authorize][:project].should == {:only => [:index, :show]}
+    @controller_class.skip_authorize_resource(:only => [:index, :show])
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:authorize][nil].should == {:only => [:index, :show]}
+    @controller_class.skip_authorize_resource(:article)
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:authorize][:article].should == {}
+  end
+
+  it "skip_load_resource should add itself to the cancan skipper with given model name and options" do
+    @controller_class.skip_load_resource(:project, :only => [:index, :show])
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:load][:project].should == {:only => [:index, :show]}
+    @controller_class.skip_load_resource(:only => [:index, :show])
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:load][nil].should == {:only => [:index, :show]}
+    @controller_class.skip_load_resource(:article)
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:load][:article].should == {}
+  end
+
+  it "skip_load_and_authore_resource should add itself to the cancan skipper with given model name and options" do
+    @controller_class.skip_load_and_authorize_resource(:project, :only => [:index, :show])
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:load][:project].should == {:only => [:index, :show]}
+    @controller_class.cancan_skipper[:authorize][:project].should == {:only => [:index, :show]}
   end
 end

spec/cancan/controller_resource_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+
+describe CanCan::ControllerResource do
+  before(:each) do
+    @params = HashWithIndifferentAccess.new(:controller => "projects")
+    @controller_class = Class.new
+    @controller = @controller_class.new
+    @ability = Ability.new(nil)
+    stub(@controller).params { @params }
+    stub(@controller).current_ability { @ability }
+    stub(@controller_class).cancan_skipper { {:authorize => {}, :load => {}} }
+  end
+
+  it "should load the resource into an instance variable if params[:id] is specified" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should not load resource into an instance variable if already set" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@project, :some_project)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :some_project
+  end
+
+  it "should properly load resource for namespaced controller" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:controller => "admin/projects", :action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should attempt to load a resource with the same namespace as the controller when using :: for namespace" do
+    module MyEngine
+      class Project < ::Project; end
+    end
+
+    project = MyEngine::Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:controller => "MyEngine::ProjectsController", :action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  # Rails includes namespace in params, see issue #349
+  it "should create through the namespaced params" do
+    module MyEngine
+      class Project < ::Project; end
+    end
+
+    @params.merge!(:controller => "MyEngine::ProjectsController", :action => "create", :my_engine_project => {:name => "foobar"})
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "foobar"
+  end
+
+  it "should properly load resource for namespaced controller when using '::' for namespace" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:controller => "Admin::ProjectsController", :action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "has the specified nested resource_class when using / for namespace" do
+    module Admin
+      class Dashboard; end
+    end
+    @ability.can(:index, "admin/dashboard")
+    @params.merge!(:controller => "admin/dashboard", :action => "index")
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :authorize => true)
+    resource.send(:resource_class).should == Admin::Dashboard
+  end
+
+  it "should build a new resource with hash if params[:id] is not specified" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "create", :project => {:name => "foobar"})
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "foobar"
+  end
+
+  it "should build a new resource for namespaced model with hash if params[:id] is not specified" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "create", 'sub_project' => {:name => "foobar"})
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :class => ::Sub::Project)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "foobar"
+  end
+
+  it "should build a new resource for namespaced controller and namespaced model with hash if params[:id] is not specified" do
+    @params.merge!(:controller => "Admin::SubProjectsController", :action => "create", 'sub_project' => {:name => "foobar"})
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :class => Project)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@sub_project).name.should == "foobar"
+  end
+
+  it "should build a new resource with attributes from current ability" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "new")
+    @ability.can(:create, Project, :name => "from conditions")
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "from conditions"
+  end
+
+  it "should override initial attributes with params" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "new", :project => {:name => "from params"})
+    @ability.can(:create, Project, :name => "from conditions")
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "from params"
+  end
+
+  it "should build a collection when on index action when class responds to accessible_by" do
+    stub(Project).accessible_by(@ability, :index) { :found_projects }
+    @params[:action] = "index"
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should be_nil
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@projects).should == :found_projects
+  end
+
+  it "should not build a collection when on index action when class does not respond to accessible_by" do
+    @params[:action] = "index"
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should be_nil
+    @controller.instance_variable_defined?(:@projects).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should not use accessible_by when defining abilities through a block" do
+    stub(Project).accessible_by(@ability) { :found_projects }
+    @params[:action] = "index"
+    @ability.can(:read, Project) { |p| false }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should be_nil
+    @controller.instance_variable_defined?(:@projects).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should not authorize single resource in collection action" do
+    @params[:action] = "index"
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@project, :some_project)
+    stub(@controller).authorize!(:index, Project) { raise CanCan::AccessDenied }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    lambda { resource.authorize_resource }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+  end
+
+  it "should authorize parent resource in collection action" do
+    @params[:action] = "index"
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@category, :some_category)
+    stub(@controller).authorize!(:show, :some_category) { raise CanCan::AccessDenied }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :category, :parent => true)
+    lambda { resource.authorize_resource }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+  end
+
+  it "should perform authorization using controller action and loaded model" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@project, :some_project)
+    stub(@controller).authorize!(:show, :some_project) { raise CanCan::AccessDenied }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    lambda { resource.authorize_resource }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+  end
+
+  it "should perform authorization using controller action and non loaded model" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    stub(@controller).authorize!(:show, Project) { raise CanCan::AccessDenied }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    lambda { resource.authorize_resource }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+  end
+
+  it "should call load_resource and authorize_resource for load_and_authorize_resource" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    mock(resource).load_resource
+    mock(resource).authorize_resource
+    resource.load_and_authorize_resource
+  end
+
+  it "should not build a single resource when on custom collection action even with id" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "sort", :id => "123")
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :collection => [:sort, :list])
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should be_nil
+  end
+
+  it "should load a collection resource when on custom action with no id param" do
+    stub(Project).accessible_by(@ability, :sort) { :found_projects }
+    @params[:action] = "sort"
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should be_nil
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@projects).should == :found_projects
+  end
+
+  it "should build a resource when on custom new action even when params[:id] exists" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "build", :id => "123")
+    stub(Project).new { :some_project }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :new => :build)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :some_project
+  end
+
+  it "should not try to load resource for other action if params[:id] is undefined" do
+    @params[:action] = "list"
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should be_nil
+  end
+
+  it "should be a parent resource when name is provided which doesn't match controller" do
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :category)
+    resource.should be_parent
+  end
+
+  it "should not be a parent resource when name is provided which matches controller" do
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project)
+    resource.should_not be_parent
+  end
+
+  it "should be parent if specified in options" do
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project, {:parent => true})
+    resource.should be_parent
+  end
+
+  it "should not be parent if specified in options" do
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :category, {:parent => false})
+    resource.should_not be_parent
+  end
+
+  it "should have the specified resource_class if 'name' is passed to load_resource" do
+    class Section
+    end
+
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :section)
+    resource.send(:resource_class).should == Section
+  end
+
+  it "should load parent resource through proper id parameter" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:controller => "categories", :action => "index", :project_id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should load resource through the association of another parent resource using instance variable" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    category = Object.new
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@category, category)
+    stub(category).projects.stub!.find("123") { :some_project }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :some_project
+  end
+
+  it "should load resource through the custom association name" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    category = Object.new
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@category, category)
+    stub(category).custom_projects.stub!.find("123") { :some_project }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category, :through_association => :custom_projects)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :some_project
+  end
+
+  it "should load resource through the association of another parent resource using method" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    category = Object.new
+    stub(@controller).category { category }
+    stub(category).projects.stub!.find("123") { :some_project }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :some_project
+  end
+
+  it "should not load through parent resource if instance isn't loaded when shallow" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category, :shallow => true)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should raise AccessDenied when attempting to load resource through nil" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category)
+    lambda {
+      resource.load_resource
+    }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied) { |exception|
+      exception.action.should == :show
+      exception.subject.should == Project
+    }
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should be_nil
+  end
+
+  it "should authorize nested resource through parent association on index action" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "index")
+    category = Object.new
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@category, category)
+    stub(@controller).authorize!(:index, category => Project) { raise CanCan::AccessDenied }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category)
+    lambda { resource.authorize_resource }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+  end
+
+  it "should load through first matching if multiple are given" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    category = Object.new
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@category, category)
+    stub(category).projects.stub!.find("123") { :some_project }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => [:category, :user])
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :some_project
+  end
+
+  it "should find record through has_one association with :singleton option without id param" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => nil)
+    category = Object.new
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@category, category)
+    stub(category).project { :some_project }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category, :singleton => true)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :some_project
+  end
+
+  it "should not build record through has_one association with :singleton option because it can cause it to delete it in the database" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "create", :project => {:name => "foobar"})
+    category = Category.new
+    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@category, category)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category, :singleton => true)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "foobar"
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).category.should == category
+  end
+
+  it "should find record through has_one association with :singleton and :shallow options" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category, :singleton => true, :shallow => true)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should build record through has_one association with :singleton and :shallow options" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "create", :project => {:name => "foobar"})
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :through => :category, :singleton => true, :shallow => true)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "foobar"
+  end
+
+  it "should only authorize :show action on parent resource" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "new", :project_id => project.id)
+    stub(@controller).authorize!(:show, project) { raise CanCan::AccessDenied }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project, :parent => true)
+    lambda { resource.load_and_authorize_resource }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+  end
+
+  it "should load the model using a custom class" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :class => Project)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should load the model using a custom namespaced class" do
+    project = Sub::Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :class => ::Sub::Project)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should authorize based on resource name if class is false" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "123")
+    stub(@controller).authorize!(:show, :project) { raise CanCan::AccessDenied }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :class => false)
+    lambda { resource.authorize_resource }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+  end
+
+  it "should load and authorize using custom instance name" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => project.id)
+    stub(@controller).authorize!(:show, project) { raise CanCan::AccessDenied }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :instance_name => :custom_project)
+    lambda { resource.load_and_authorize_resource }.should raise_error(CanCan::AccessDenied)
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@custom_project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should load resource using custom ID param" do
+    project = Project.create!
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :the_project => project.id)
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :id_param => :the_project)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  # CVE-2012-5664
+  it "should always convert id param to string" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :the_project => { :malicious => "I am" })
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :id_param => :the_project)
+    resource.send(:id_param).class.should == String
+  end
+
+  it "should load resource using custom find_by attribute" do
+    project = Project.create!(:name => "foo")
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "foo")
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :find_by => :name)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should allow full find method to be passed into find_by option" do
+    project = Project.create!(:name => "foo")
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => "foo")
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :find_by => :find_by_name)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == project
+  end
+
+  it "should raise ImplementationRemoved when adding :name option" do
+    lambda {
+      CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :name => :foo)
+    }.should raise_error(CanCan::ImplementationRemoved)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise ImplementationRemoved exception when specifying :resource option since it is no longer used" do
+    lambda {
+      CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :resource => Project)
+    }.should raise_error(CanCan::ImplementationRemoved)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise ImplementationRemoved exception when passing :nested option" do
+    lambda {
+      CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :nested => :project)
+    }.should raise_error(CanCan::ImplementationRemoved)
+  end
+
+  it "should skip resource behavior for :only actions in array" do
+    stub(@controller_class).cancan_skipper { {:load => {nil => {:only => [:index, :show]}}} }
+    @params.merge!(:action => "index")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller).skip?(:load).should be_true
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :some_resource).skip?(:load).should be_false
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller).skip?(:load).should be_true
+    @params.merge!(:action => "other_action")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller).skip?(:load).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should skip resource behavior for :only one action on resource" do
+    stub(@controller_class).cancan_skipper { {:authorize => {:project => {:only => :index}}} }
+    @params.merge!(:action => "index")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller).skip?(:authorize).should be_false
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project).skip?(:authorize).should be_true
+    @params.merge!(:action => "other_action")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project).skip?(:authorize).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should skip resource behavior :except actions in array" do
+    stub(@controller_class).cancan_skipper { {:load => {nil => {:except => [:index, :show]}}} }
+    @params.merge!(:action => "index")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller).skip?(:load).should be_false
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller).skip?(:load).should be_false
+    @params.merge!(:action => "other_action")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller).skip?(:load).should be_true
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :some_resource).skip?(:load).should be_false
+  end
+
+  it "should skip resource behavior :except one action on resource" do
+    stub(@controller_class).cancan_skipper { {:authorize => {:project => {:except => :index}}} }
+    @params.merge!(:action => "index")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project).skip?(:authorize).should be_false
+    @params.merge!(:action => "other_action")
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller).skip?(:authorize).should be_false
+    CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller, :project).skip?(:authorize).should be_true
+  end
+
+  it "should skip loading and authorization" do
+    stub(@controller_class).cancan_skipper { {:authorize => {nil => {}}, :load => {nil => {}}} }
+    @params.merge!(:action => "new")
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    lambda { resource.load_and_authorize_resource }.should_not raise_error
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should be_nil
+  end
+end

spec/cancan/exceptions_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+
+describe CanCan::AccessDenied do
+  describe "with action and subject" do
+    before(:each) do
+      @exception = CanCan::AccessDenied.new(nil, :some_action, :some_subject)
+    end
+
+    it "should have action and subject accessors" do
+      @exception.action.should == :some_action
+      @exception.subject.should == :some_subject
+    end
+
+    it "should have a changable default message" do
+      @exception.message.should == "You are not authorized to access this page."
+      @exception.default_message = "Unauthorized!"
+      @exception.message.should == "Unauthorized!"
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "with only a message" do
+    before(:each) do
+      @exception = CanCan::AccessDenied.new("Access denied!")
+    end
+
+    it "should have nil action and subject" do
+      @exception.action.should be_nil
+      @exception.subject.should be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should have passed message" do
+      @exception.message.should == "Access denied!"
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "i18n in the default message" do
+    after(:each) do
+      I18n.backend = nil
+    end
+
+    it "uses i18n for the default message" do
+      I18n.backend.store_translations :en, :unauthorized => {:default => "This is a different message"}
+      @exception = CanCan::AccessDenied.new
+      @exception.message.should == "This is a different message"
+    end
+
+    it "defaults to a nice message" do
+      @exception = CanCan::AccessDenied.new
+      @exception.message.should == "You are not authorized to access this page."
+    end
+
+    it "does not use translation if a message is given" do
+      @exception = CanCan::AccessDenied.new("Hey! You're not welcome here")
+      @exception.message.should == "Hey! You're not welcome here"
+      @exception.message.should_not == "You are not authorized to access this page."
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/cancan/inherited_resource_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+
+describe CanCan::InheritedResource do
+  before(:each) do
+    @params = HashWithIndifferentAccess.new(:controller => "projects")
+    @controller_class = Class.new
+    @controller = @controller_class.new
+    @ability = Ability.new(nil)
+    stub(@controller).params { @params }
+    stub(@controller).current_ability { @ability }
+    stub(@controller_class).cancan_skipper { {:authorize => {}, :load => {}} }
+  end
+
+  it "show should load resource through @controller.resource" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "show", :id => 123)
+    stub(@controller).resource { :project_resource }
+    CanCan::InheritedResource.new(@controller).load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :project_resource
+  end
+
+  it "new should load through @controller.build_resource" do
+    @params[:action] = "new"
+    stub(@controller).build_resource { :project_resource }
+    CanCan::InheritedResource.new(@controller).load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :project_resource
+  end
+
+  it "index should load through @controller.association_chain when parent" do
+    @params[:action] = "index"
+    stub(@controller).association_chain { @controller.instance_variable_set(:@project, :project_resource) }
+    CanCan::InheritedResource.new(@controller, :parent => true).load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).should == :project_resource
+  end
+
+  it "index should load through @controller.end_of_association_chain" do
+    @params[:action] = "index"
+    stub(Project).accessible_by(@ability, :index) { :projects }
+    stub(@controller).end_of_association_chain { Project }
+    CanCan::InheritedResource.new(@controller).load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@projects).should == :projects
+  end
+
+  it "should build a new resource with attributes from current ability" do
+    @params[:action] = "new"
+    @ability.can(:create, Project, :name => "from conditions")
+    stub(@controller).build_resource { Struct.new(:name).new }
+    resource = CanCan::InheritedResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "from conditions"
+  end
+
+  it "should override initial attributes with params" do
+    @params.merge!(:action => "new", :project => {:name => "from params"})
+    @ability.can(:create, Project, :name => "from conditions")
+    stub(@controller).build_resource { Struct.new(:name).new }
+    resource = CanCan::ControllerResource.new(@controller)
+    resource.load_resource
+    @controller.instance_variable_get(:@project).name.should == "from params"
+  end
+end

spec/cancan/matchers_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+
+describe "be_able_to" do
+  it "delegates to can?" do
+    object = Object.new
+    mock(object).can?(:read, 123) { true }
+    object.should be_able_to(:read, 123)
+  end
+
+  it "reports a nice failure message for should" do
+    object = Object.new
+    mock(object).can?(:read, 123) { false }
+    expect do
+      object.should be_able_to(:read, 123)
+    end.should raise_error('expected to be able to :read 123')
+  end
+
+  it "reports a nice failure message for should not" do
+    object = Object.new
+    mock(object).can?(:read, 123) { true }
+    expect do
+      object.should_not be_able_to(:read, 123)
+    end.should raise_error('expected not to be able to :read 123')
+  end
+
+  it "delegates additional arguments to can? and reports in failure message" do
+    object = Object.new
+    mock(object).can?(:read, 123, 456) { false }
+    expect do
+      object.should be_able_to(:read, 123, 456)
+    end.should raise_error('expected to be able to :read 123 456')
+  end
+end

spec/cancan/model_adapters/active_record_adapter_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+if ENV["MODEL_ADAPTER"].nil? || ENV["MODEL_ADAPTER"] == "active_record"
+  require "spec_helper"
+
+  ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:adapter => "sqlite3", :database => ":memory:")
+
+  describe CanCan::ModelAdapters::ActiveRecordAdapter do
+    with_model :category do
+      table do |t|
+        t.boolean "visible"
+      end
+      model do
+        has_many :articles
+      end
+    end
+
+    with_model :article do
+      table do |t|
+        t.string  "name"
+        t.boolean "published"
+        t.boolean "secret"
+        t.integer "priority"
+        t.integer "category_id"
+        t.integer "user_id"
+      end
+      model do
+        belongs_to :category
+        has_many :comments
+        belongs_to :user
+      end
+    end
+
+    with_model :comment do
+      table do |t|
+        t.boolean "spam"
+        t.integer "article_id"
+      end
+      model do
+        belongs_to :article
+      end
+    end
+
+    with_model :user do
+      table do |t|
+
+      end
+      model do
+        has_many :articles
+      end
+    end
+
+    before(:each) do
+      Article.delete_all
+      Comment.delete_all
+      @ability = Object.new
+      @ability.extend(CanCan::Ability)
+      @article_table = Article.table_name
+      @comment_table = Comment.table_name
+    end
+
+    it "should be for only active record classes" do
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::ActiveRecordAdapter.should_not be_for_class(Object)
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::ActiveRecordAdapter.should be_for_class(Article)
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::AbstractAdapter.adapter_class(Article).should == CanCan::ModelAdapters::ActiveRecordAdapter
+    end
+
+    it "should find record" do
+      article = Article.create!
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::ActiveRecordAdapter.find(Article, article.id).should == article
+    end
+
+    it "should not fetch any records when no abilities are defined" do
+      Article.create!
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch all articles when one can read all" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article
+      article = Article.create!
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article]
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch only the articles that are published" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      article1 = Article.create!(:published => true)
+      article2 = Article.create!(:published => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch any articles which are published or secret" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :secret => true
+      article1 = Article.create!(:published => true, :secret => false)
+      article2 = Article.create!(:published => true, :secret => true)
+      article3 = Article.create!(:published => false, :secret => true)
+      article4 = Article.create!(:published => false, :secret => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1, article2, article3]
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch only the articles that are published and not secret" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.cannot :read, Article, :secret => true
+      article1 = Article.create!(:published => true, :secret => false)
+      article2 = Article.create!(:published => true, :secret => true)
+      article3 = Article.create!(:published => false, :secret => true)
+      article4 = Article.create!(:published => false, :secret => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+    end
+
+    it "should only read comments for articles which are published" do
+      @ability.can :read, Comment, :article => { :published => true }
+      comment1 = Comment.create!(:article => Article.create!(:published => true))
+      comment2 = Comment.create!(:article => Article.create!(:published => false))
+      Comment.accessible_by(@ability).should == [comment1]
+    end
+
+    it "should only read comments for visible categories through articles" do
+      @ability.can :read, Comment, :article => { :category => { :visible => true } }
+      comment1 = Comment.create!(:article => Article.create!(:category => Category.create!(:visible => true)))
+      comment2 = Comment.create!(:article => Article.create!(:category => Category.create!(:visible => false)))
+      Comment.accessible_by(@ability).should == [comment1]
+    end
+
+    it "should allow conditions in SQL and merge with hash conditions" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.can :read, Article, ["secret=?", true]
+      article1 = Article.create!(:published => true, :secret => false)
+      article2 = Article.create!(:published => true, :secret => true)
+      article3 = Article.create!(:published => false, :secret => true)
+      article4 = Article.create!(:published => false, :secret => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1, article2, article3]
+    end
+
+    it "should allow a scope for conditions" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, Article.where(:secret => true)
+      article1 = Article.create!(:secret => true)
+      article2 = Article.create!(:secret => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch only associated records when using with a scope for conditions" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, Article.where(:secret => true)
+      category1 = Category.create!(:visible => false)
+      category2 = Category.create!(:visible => true)
+      article1 = Article.create!(:secret => true, :category => category1)
+      article2 = Article.create!(:secret => true, :category => category2)
+      category1.articles.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception when trying to merge scope with other conditions" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.can :read, Article, Article.where(:secret => true)
+      lambda { Article.accessible_by(@ability) }.should raise_error(CanCan::Error, "Unable to merge an Active Record scope with other conditions. Instead use a hash or SQL for read Article ability.")
+    end
+
+    it "should not allow to fetch records when ability with just block present" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article do
+        false
+      end
+      lambda { Article.accessible_by(@ability) }.should raise_error(CanCan::Error)
+    end
+
+    it "should not allow to check ability on object against SQL conditions without block" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, ["secret=?", true]
+      lambda { @ability.can? :read, Article.new }.should raise_error(CanCan::Error)
+    end
+
+    it "should have false conditions if no abilities match" do
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).conditions.should == "'t'='f'"
+    end
+
+    it "should return false conditions for cannot clause" do
+      @ability.cannot :read, Article
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).conditions.should == "'t'='f'"
+    end
+
+    it "should return SQL for single `can` definition in front of default `cannot` condition" do
+      @ability.cannot :read, Article
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => false, :secret => true
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).conditions.should orderlessly_match(%Q["#{@article_table}"."published" = 'f' AND "#{@article_table}"."secret" = 't'])
+    end
+
+    it "should return true condition for single `can` definition in front of default `can` condition" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => false, :secret => true
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).conditions.should  == "'t'='t'"
+    end
+
+    it "should return `false condition` for single `cannot` definition in front of default `cannot` condition" do
+      @ability.cannot :read, Article
+      @ability.cannot :read, Article, :published => false, :secret => true
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).conditions.should  == "'t'='f'"
+    end
+
+    it "should return `not (sql)` for single `cannot` definition in front of default `can` condition" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article
+      @ability.cannot :read, Article, :published => false, :secret => true
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).conditions.should orderlessly_match(%Q["not (#{@article_table}"."published" = 'f' AND "#{@article_table}"."secret" = 't')])
+    end
+
+    it "should return appropriate sql conditions in complex case" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article
+      @ability.can :manage, Article, :id => 1
+      @ability.can :update, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.cannot :update, Article, :secret => true
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :update).conditions.should == %Q[not ("#{@article_table}"."secret" = 't') AND (("#{@article_table}"."published" = 't') OR ("#{@article_table}"."id" = 1))]
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :manage).conditions.should == {:id => 1}
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).conditions.should == "'t'='t'"
+    end
+
+    it "should return appropriate sql conditions in complex case with nested joins" do
+      @ability.can :read, Comment, :article => { :category => { :visible => true } }
+      @ability.model_adapter(Comment, :read).conditions.should == { Category.table_name.to_sym => { :visible => true } }
+    end
+
+    it "should return appropriate sql conditions in complex case with nested joins of different depth" do
+      @ability.can :read, Comment, :article => { :published => true, :category => { :visible => true } }
+      @ability.model_adapter(Comment, :read).conditions.should == { Article.table_name.to_sym => { :published => true }, Category.table_name.to_sym => { :visible => true } }
+    end
+
+    it "should not forget conditions when calling with SQL string" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.can :read, Article, ['secret=?', false]
+      adapter = @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read)
+      2.times do
+        adapter.conditions.should == %Q[(secret='f') OR ("#{@article_table}"."published" = 't')]
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should have nil joins if no rules" do
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).joins.should be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should have nil joins if no nested hashes specified in conditions" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => false
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :secret => true
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).joins.should be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should merge separate joins into a single array" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :project => { :blocked => false }
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :company => { :admin => true }
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).joins.inspect.should orderlessly_match([:company, :project].inspect)
+    end
+
+    it "should merge same joins into a single array" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :project => { :blocked => false }
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :project => { :admin => true }
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).joins.should == [:project]
+    end
+
+    it "should merge nested and non-nested joins" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :project => { :blocked => false }
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :project => { :comments => { :spam => true } }
+      @ability.model_adapter(Article, :read).joins.should == [{:project=>[:comments]}]
+    end
+
+    it "should merge :all conditions with other conditions" do
+      user = User.create!
+      article = Article.create!(:user => user)
+      ability = Ability.new(user)
+      ability.can :manage, :all
+      ability.can :manage, Article, :user_id => user.id
+      Article.accessible_by(ability).should == [article]
+    end
+
+    it "should restrict articles given a MetaWhere condition" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :priority.lt => 2
+      article1 = Article.create!(:priority => 1)
+      article2 = Article.create!(:priority => 3)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+      @ability.should be_able_to(:read, article1)
+      @ability.should_not be_able_to(:read, article2)
+    end
+
+    it "should merge MetaWhere and non-MetaWhere conditions" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :priority.lt => 2
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :priority => 1
+      article1 = Article.create!(:priority => 1)
+      article2 = Article.create!(:priority => 3)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+      @ability.should be_able_to(:read, article1)
+      @ability.should_not be_able_to(:read, article2)
+    end
+
+    it "should match any MetaWhere condition" do
+      adapter = CanCan::ModelAdapters::ActiveRecordAdapter
+      article1 = Article.new(:priority => 1, :name => "Hello World")
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.eq, 1).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.eq, 2).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.eq_any, [1, 2]).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.eq_any, [2, 3]).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.eq_all, [1, 1]).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.eq_all, [1, 2]).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.ne, 2).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.ne, 1).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.in, [1, 2]).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.in, [2, 3]).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.nin, [2, 3]).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.nin, [1, 2]).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.lt, 2).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.lt, 1).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.lteq, 1).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.lteq, 0).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.gt, 0).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.gt, 1).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.gteq, 1).should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :priority.gteq, 2).should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.like, "%ello worl%").should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.like, "hello world").should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.like, "hello%").should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.like, "h%d").should be_true
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.like, "%helo%").should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.like, "hello").should be_false
+      adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.like, "hello.world").should be_false
+      # For some reason this is reporting "The not_matches MetaWhere condition is not supported."
+      # adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.nlike, "%helo%").should be_true
+      # adapter.matches_condition?(article1, :name.nlike, "%ello worl%").should be_false
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/cancan/model_adapters/data_mapper_adapter_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+if ENV["MODEL_ADAPTER"] == "data_mapper"
+  require "spec_helper"
+
+  DataMapper.setup(:default, 'sqlite::memory:')
+
+  class Article
+    include DataMapper::Resource
+    property :id, Serial
+    property :published, Boolean, :default => false
+    property :secret, Boolean, :default => false
+    property :priority, Integer
+    has n, :comments
+  end
+
+  class Comment
+    include DataMapper::Resource
+    property :id, Serial
+    property :spam, Boolean, :default => false
+    belongs_to :article
+  end
+
+  DataMapper.finalize
+  DataMapper.auto_migrate!
+
+  describe CanCan::ModelAdapters::DataMapperAdapter do
+    before(:each) do
+      Article.destroy
+      Comment.destroy
+      @ability = Object.new
+      @ability.extend(CanCan::Ability)
+    end
+
+    it "should be for only data mapper classes" do
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::DataMapperAdapter.should_not be_for_class(Object)
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::DataMapperAdapter.should be_for_class(Article)
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::AbstractAdapter.adapter_class(Article).should == CanCan::ModelAdapters::DataMapperAdapter
+    end
+
+    it "should find record" do
+      article = Article.create
+      CanCan::ModelAdapters::DataMapperAdapter.find(Article, article.id).should == article
+    end
+
+    it "should not fetch any records when no abilities are defined" do
+      Article.create
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch all articles when one can read all" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article
+      article = Article.create
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article]
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch only the articles that are published" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      article1 = Article.create(:published => true)
+      article2 = Article.create(:published => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch any articles which are published or secret" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :secret => true
+      article1 = Article.create(:published => true, :secret => false)
+      article2 = Article.create(:published => true, :secret => true)
+      article3 = Article.create(:published => false, :secret => true)
+      article4 = Article.create(:published => false, :secret => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1, article2, article3]
+    end
+
+    it "should fetch only the articles that are published and not secret" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.cannot :read, Article, :secret => true
+      article1 = Article.create(:published => true, :secret => false)
+      article2 = Article.create(:published => true, :secret => true)
+      article3 = Article.create(:published => false, :secret => true)
+      article4 = Article.create(:published => false, :secret => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+    end
+
+    it "should only read comments for articles which are published" do
+      @ability.can :read, Comment, :article => { :published => true }
+      comment1 = Comment.create(:article => Article.create!(:published => true))
+      comment2 = Comment.create(:article => Article.create!(:published => false))
+      Comment.accessible_by(@ability).should == [comment1]
+    end
+
+    it "should allow conditions in SQL and merge with hash conditions" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :published => true
+      @ability.can :read, Article, ["secret=?", true]
+      article1 = Article.create(:published => true, :secret => false)
+      article4 = Article.create(:published => false, :secret => false)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+    end
+
+    it "should match gt comparison" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :priority.gt => 3
+      article1 = Article.create(:priority => 4)
+      article2 = Article.create(:priority => 3)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1]
+      @ability.should be_able_to(:read, article1)
+      @ability.should_not be_able_to(:read, article2)
+    end
+
+    it "should match gte comparison" do
+      @ability.can :read, Article, :priority.gte => 3
+      article1 = Article.create(:priority => 4)
+      article2 = Article.create(:priority => 3)
+      article3 = Article.create(:priority => 2)
+      Article.accessible_by(@ability).should == [article1, article2]
+      @ability.should be_able_to(:read, article1)
+      @ability.should be_able_to(:read, article2)
+      @ability.should_not be_able_to(:read, article3)
+    end
+
+    # TODO: add more comparison specs
+  end
+end

spec/cancan/model_adapters/default_adapter_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+
+describe CanCan::ModelAdapters::DefaultAdapter do
+  it "should be default for generic classes" do
+    CanCan::ModelAdapters::AbstractAdapter.adapter_class(Object).should == CanCan::ModelAdapters::DefaultAdapter
+  end
+end

spec/cancan/model_adapters/mongoid_adapter_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+if ENV["MODEL_ADAPTER"] == "mongoid"
+  require "spec_helper"
+
+  class MongoidCategory
+    include Mongoid::Document
+
+    references_many :mongoid_projects
+  end
+
+  class MongoidProject
+    include Mongoid::Document
+
+    referenced_in :mongoid_category
+  end
+
+  Mongoid.configure do |config|
+    config.master = Mongo::Connection.new('127.0.0.1', 27017).db("cancan_mongoid_spec")
+  end
+
+  describe CanCan::ModelAdapters::MongoidAdapter do
+    context "Mongoid defined" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @ability = Object.new
+        @ability.extend(CanCan::Ability)
+      end
+
+      after(:each) do
+        Mongoid.master.collections.select do |collection|
+          collection.name !~ /system/
+        end.each(&:drop)
+      end
+
+      it "should be for only Mongoid classes" do
+        CanCan::ModelAdapters::MongoidAdapter.should_not be_for_class(Object)
+        CanCan::ModelAdapters::MongoidAdapter.should be_for_class(MongoidProject)
+        CanCan::ModelAdapters::AbstractAdapter.adapter_class(MongoidProject).should == CanCan::ModelAdapters::MongoidAdapter
+      end
+
+      it "should find record" do
+        project = MongoidProject.create
+        CanCan::ModelAdapters::MongoidAdapter.find(MongoidProject, project.id).should == project
+      end
+
+      it "should compare properties on mongoid documents with the conditions hash" do
+        model = MongoidProject.new
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :id => model.id
+        @ability.should be_able_to(:read, model)
+      end
+
+      it "should be able to read hashes when field is array" do
+        one_to_three = MongoidProject.create(:numbers => ['one', 'two', 'three'])
+        two_to_five  = MongoidProject.create(:numbers => ['two', 'three', 'four', 'five'])
+
+        @ability.can :foo, MongoidProject, :numbers => 'one'
+        @ability.should be_able_to(:foo, one_to_three)
+        @ability.should_not be_able_to(:foo, two_to_five)
+      end
+
+      it "should return [] when no ability is defined so no records are found" do
+        MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Sir')
+        MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Lord')
+        MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Dude')
+
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).entries.should == []
+      end
+
+      it "should return the correct records based on the defined ability" do
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :title => "Sir"
+        sir   = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Sir')
+        lord  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Lord')
+        dude  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Dude')
+
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).entries.should == [sir]
+      end
+
+      it "should return the correct records when a mix of can and cannot rules in defined ability" do
+        @ability.can :manage, MongoidProject, :title => 'Sir'
+        @ability.cannot :destroy, MongoidProject
+
+        sir   = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Sir')
+        lord  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Lord')
+        dude  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Dude')
+
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :destroy).entries.should == [sir]
+      end
+
+      it "should be able to mix empty conditions and hashes" do
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :title => 'Sir'
+        sir  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Sir')
+        lord = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Lord')
+
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).count.should == 2
+      end
+
+      it "should return everything when the defined ability is manage all" do
+        @ability.can :manage, :all
+        sir   = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Sir')
+        lord  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Lord')
+        dude  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Dude')
+
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).entries.should == [sir, lord, dude]
+      end
+
+      it "should allow a scope for conditions" do
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, MongoidProject.where(:title => 'Sir')
+        sir   = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Sir')
+        lord  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Lord')
+        dude  = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Dude')
+
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).entries.should == [sir]
+      end
+
+      describe "Mongoid::Criteria where clause Symbol extensions using MongoDB expressions" do
+        it "should handle :field.in" do
+          obj = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Sir')
+          @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :title.in => ["Sir", "Madam"]
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj).should == true
+          MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).should == [obj]
+
+          obj2 = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Lord')
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj2).should == false
+        end
+
+        describe "activates only when there are Criteria in the hash" do
+          it "Calls where on the model class when there are criteria" do
+            obj = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Bird')
+            @conditions = {:title.nin => ["Fork", "Spoon"]}
+
+            @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, @conditions
+            @ability.should be_able_to(:read, obj)
+          end
+          it "Calls the base version if there are no mongoid criteria" do
+            obj = MongoidProject.new(:title => 'Bird')
+            @conditions = {:id => obj.id}
+            @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, @conditions
+            @ability.should be_able_to(:read, obj)
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "should handle :field.nin" do
+          obj = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Sir')
+          @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :title.nin => ["Lord", "Madam"]
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj).should == true
+          MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).should == [obj]
+
+          obj2 = MongoidProject.create(:title => 'Lord')
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj2).should == false
+        end
+
+        it "should handle :field.size" do
+          obj = MongoidProject.create(:titles => ['Palatin', 'Margrave'])
+          @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :titles.size => 2
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj).should == true
+          MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).should == [obj]
+
+          obj2 = MongoidProject.create(:titles => ['Palatin', 'Margrave', 'Marquis'])
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj2).should == false
+        end
+
+        it "should handle :field.exists" do
+          obj = MongoidProject.create(:titles => ['Palatin', 'Margrave'])
+          @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :titles.exists => true
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj).should == true
+          MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).should == [obj]
+
+          obj2 = MongoidProject.create
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj2).should == false
+        end
+
+        it "should handle :field.gt" do
+          obj = MongoidProject.create(:age => 50)
+          @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :age.gt => 45
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj).should == true
+          MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).should == [obj]
+
+          obj2 = MongoidProject.create(:age => 40)
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj2).should == false
+        end
+
+        it "should handle instance not saved to database" do
+          obj = MongoidProject.new(:title => 'Sir')
+          @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :title.in => ["Sir", "Madam"]
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj).should == true
+
+          # accessible_by only returns saved records
+          MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).entries.should == []
+
+          obj2 = MongoidProject.new(:title => 'Lord')
+          @ability.can?(:read, obj2).should == false
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "should call where with matching ability conditions" do
+        obj = MongoidProject.create(:foo => {:bar => 1})
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :foo => {:bar => 1}
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).entries.first.should == obj
+      end
+
+      it "should exclude from the result if set to cannot" do
+        obj = MongoidProject.create(:bar => 1)
+        obj2 = MongoidProject.create(:bar => 2)
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject
+        @ability.cannot :read, MongoidProject, :bar => 2
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).entries.should == [obj]
+      end
+
+      it "should combine the rules" do
+        obj = MongoidProject.create(:bar => 1)
+        obj2 = MongoidProject.create(:bar => 2)
+        obj3 = MongoidProject.create(:bar => 3)
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :bar => 1
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject, :bar => 2
+        MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability, :read).entries.should =~ [obj, obj2]
+      end
+
+      it "should not allow to fetch records when ability with just block present" do
+        @ability.can :read, MongoidProject do
+          false
+        end
+        lambda {
+          MongoidProject.accessible_by(@ability)
+        }.should raise_error(CanCan::Error)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/cancan/rule_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+require "ostruct" # for OpenStruct below
+
+# Most of Rule functionality is tested in Ability specs
+describe CanCan::Rule do
+  before(:each) do
+    @conditions = {}
+    @rule = CanCan::Rule.new(true, :read, Integer, @conditions, nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should return no association joins if none exist" do
+    @rule.associations_hash.should == {}
+  end
+
+  it "should return no association for joins if just attributes" do
+    @conditions[:foo] = :bar
+    @rule.associations_hash.should == {}
+  end
+
+  it "should return single association for joins" do
+    @conditions[:foo] = {:bar => 1}
+    @rule.associations_hash.should == {:foo => {}}
+  end
+
+  it "should return multiple associations for joins" do
+    @conditions[:foo] = {:bar => 1}
+    @conditions[:test] = {1 => 2}
+    @rule.associations_hash.should == {:foo => {}, :test => {}}
+  end
+
+  it "should return nested associations for joins" do
+    @conditions[:foo] = {:bar => {1 => 2}}
+    @rule.associations_hash.should == {:foo => {:bar => {}}}
+  end
+
+  it "should return no association joins if conditions is nil" do
+    rule = CanCan::Rule.new(true, :read, Integer, nil, nil)
+    rule.associations_hash.should == {}
+  end
+
+  it "should not be mergeable if conditions are not simple hashes" do
+    meta_where = OpenStruct.new(:name => 'metawhere', :column => 'test')
+    @conditions[meta_where] = :bar
+
+    @rule.should be_unmergeable
+  end
+
+  it "should be mergeable if conditions is an empty hash" do
+    @conditions = {}
+    @rule.should_not be_unmergeable
+  end
+end

spec/matchers.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+RSpec::Matchers.define :orderlessly_match do |original_string|
+  match do |given_string|
+    original_string.split('').sort == given_string.split('').sort
+  end
+
+  failure_message_for_should do |given_string|
+    "expected \"#{given_string}\" to have the same characters as \"#{original_string}\""
+  end
+
+  failure_message_for_should_not do |given_string|
+    "expected \"#{given_string}\" not to have the same characters as \"#{original_string}\""
+  end
+end

spec/spec.opts

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--color
+--backtrace

spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -1,11 +1,72 @@
 require 'rubygems'
-require 'spec'
-require 'active_support'
-require 'active_record'
-require 'action_controller'
-require 'action_view'
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../lib/cancan.rb'
+require 'bundler/setup'
 
-Spec::Runner.configure do |config|
+Bundler.require(:default)
+
+require 'supermodel' # shouldn't Bundler do this already?
+require 'active_support/all'
+require 'matchers'
+require 'cancan/matchers'
+
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  config.treat_symbols_as_metadata_keys_with_true_values = true
+  config.filter_run :focus => true
+  config.run_all_when_everything_filtered = true
   config.mock_with :rr
+  config.before(:each) do
+    Project.delete_all
+    Category.delete_all
+  end
+  config.extend WithModel if ENV["MODEL_ADAPTER"].nil? || ENV["MODEL_ADAPTER"] == "active_record"
+end
+
+# Working around CVE-2012-5664 requires us to convert all ID params
+# to strings. Let's switch to using string IDs in tests, otherwise
+# SuperModel and/or RR will fail (as strings are not fixnums).
+
+module SuperModel
+  class Base
+    def generate_id
+      object_id.to_s
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Ability
+  include CanCan::Ability
+
+  def initialize(user)
+  end
+end
+
+class Category < SuperModel::Base
+  has_many :projects
+end
+
+module Sub
+  class Project < SuperModel::Base
+    belongs_to :category
+    attr_accessor :category # why doesn't SuperModel do this automatically?
+
+    def self.respond_to?(method, include_private = false)
+      if method.to_s == "find_by_name!" # hack to simulate ActiveRecord
+        true
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Project < SuperModel::Base
+  belongs_to :category
+  attr_accessor :category # why doesn't SuperModel do this automatically?
+
+  def self.respond_to?(method, include_private = false)
+    if method.to_s == "find_by_name!" # hack to simulate ActiveRecord
+      true
+    else
+      super
+    end
+  end
 end