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<div class="body" >
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<div class="section" id="migrating-schemas">
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<h1>Migrating Schemas<a class="headerlink" href="#migrating-schemas" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Even though MongoDB is schemaless, introducing some kind of object mapper means
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that your object definitions become your schema. You may have a situation where
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you rename a property in your object model but need to load values from older
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documents where the field is still using the former name. While you could use
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MongoDB's <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/rename/">$rename</a> operator to migrate everything, sometimes a lazy migration
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is preferable. Doctrine offers a few different methods for dealing with this
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problem!</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p class="last">The features in this chapter were inspired by <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/objectify/objectify">Objectify</a>, an object mapper
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for the Google App Engine datastore. Additional information may be found in
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the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/objectify/objectify/wiki/SchemaMigration">Objectify schema migration</a> documentation.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="renaming-a-field">
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<h2>Renaming a Field<a class="headerlink" href="#renaming-a-field" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Let's say you have a simple document that starts off with the following fields:</p>
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<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp"><?php</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Document */</span>
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<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Id */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Later on, you need rename <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fullName</span></code>; however, you'd like to
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hydrate <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fullName</span></code> from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></code> if the new field doesn't exist.</p>
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<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp"><?php</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Document */</span>
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<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Id */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") @AlsoLoad("name") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$fullName</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>When a Person is loaded, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fullName</span></code> field will be populated with the value
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of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></code> if <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fullName</span></code> is not found. When the Person is persisted, this
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value will then be stored in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fullName</span></code> field.</p>
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<div class="admonition caution">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Caution</p>
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<p class="last">A caveat of this feature is that it only affects hydration. Queries will not
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know about the rename, so a query on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fullName</span></code> will only match documents
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with the new field name. You can still query using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></code> field to
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find older documents. The <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/or/">$or</a> query operator could be used to match both.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="transforming-data">
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<h2>Transforming Data<a class="headerlink" href="#transforming-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>You may have a situation where you want to migrate a Person's name to separate
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<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">firstName</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lastName</span></code> fields. This is also possible by specifying the
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<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">@AlsoLoad</span></code> annotation on a method, which will then be invoked immediately
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before normal hydration.</p>
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<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp"><?php</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Document @HasLifecycleCallbacks */</span>
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<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Id */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$firstName</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$lastName</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @AlsoLoad({"name", "fullName"}) */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">populateFirstAndLastName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$fullName</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">lastName</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">explode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$fullName</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The annotation is defined with one or a list of field names. During hydration,
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these fields will be checked in order and, for each field present, the annotated
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method will be invoked with its value as a single argument. Since the
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<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">firstName</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lastName</span></code> fields are mapped, they would then be updated
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when the Person was persisted back to MongoDB.</p>
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<p>Unlike lifecycle callbacks, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">@AlsoLoad</span></code> method annotation does not require
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the <a class="reference internal" href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks"><span class="std std-ref">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</span></a> class annotation to be present.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="moving-fields">
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<h2>Moving Fields<a class="headerlink" href="#moving-fields" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Migrating your schema can be a difficult task, but Doctrine provides a few
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different methods for dealing with it:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><strong>@AlsoLoad</strong> - load values from old fields or transform data through methods</li>
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<li><strong>@NotSaved</strong> - load values into fields without saving them again</li>
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<li><strong>@PostLoad</strong> - execute code after all fields have been loaded</li>
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<li><strong>@PrePersist</strong> - execute code before your document gets saved</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Imagine you have some address-related fields on a Person document:</p>
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<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp"><?php</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Document */</span>
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<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Id */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$street</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$city</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Later on, you may want to migrate this data into an embedded Address document:</p>
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<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp"><?php</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @EmbeddedDocument */</span>
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<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Address</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$street</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$city</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$street</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$city</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">street</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$street</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">city</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$city</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Document @HasLifecycleCallbacks */</span>
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<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @Id */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
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<span class="sd">/** @Field(type="string") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="sd">/** @NotSaved */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$street</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
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<span class="sd">/** @NotSaved */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$city</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
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<span class="sd">/** @EmbedOne(targetDocument="Address") */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$address</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
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<span class="sd">/** @PostLoad */</span>
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<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">postLoad</span><span class="p">()</span>
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|
<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">street</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">city</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="k">null</span><span class="p">)</span>
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|
<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">address</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">street</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">city</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
<span class="p">}</span>
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|
</pre></div>
|
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|
</div>
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|
<p>Person's <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">street</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">city</span></code> fields will be hydrated, but not saved. Once
|
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|
the Person has loaded, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">postLoad()</span></code> method will be invoked and construct
|
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|
a new Address object, which is mapped and will be persisted.</p>
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|
<p>Alternatively, you could defer this migration until the Person is saved:</p>
|
||
|
<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp"><?php</span>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<span class="sd">/** @Document @HasLifecycleCallbacks */</span>
|
||
|
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span>
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||
|
<span class="p">{</span>
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|
<span class="c1">// ...</span>
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|
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|
<span class="sd">/** @PrePersist */</span>
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|
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">prePersist</span><span class="p">()</span>
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|
<span class="p">{</span>
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|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">street</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">city</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="k">null</span><span class="p">)</span>
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|
<span class="p">{</span>
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|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">address</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">street</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">city</span><span class="p">);</span>
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||
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks"><span class="std std-ref">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</span></a> annotation must be present on the class in
|
||
|
which the method is declared for the lifecycle callback to be registered.</p>
|
||
|
</div>
|
||
|
</div>
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<h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Migrating Schemas</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#renaming-a-field">Renaming a Field</a></li>
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